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TOEIC・English Undergraduate

「教科書のこの部分の要点を日本語で書け」 なんて書けばいいでしょうか😵‍💫😵‍💫

10-2 Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advisability, Expectation PRESENT:(a) Julia has to get a visa. (b) Julia has got to get a visa. (c) Julia must get a visa. Past necessity: had to In (d): had to needed to: Julia needed to get a visa. There is no other past form for must (when it rmeans neceasity) or have got to. PAST: (d) Julia had to get a visa. PRESENT:(e) I should study for the test. I want to Past advisability: pass it. (f) lought to study for the test. (g) T had better study for the test. should have ought to have + past participle In the past, should is more common than ought to. The past form of had better (had better have) is almost never used. PAST: Ifailed the test. (h) Ishould have studied for it. (i) lought to have studied for it. (i) I shouldn't have gone to the movies the night before. The meaning in (h) and (i): Studying was a good idea, but 1 didn't do it. I made a mistake. The meaning in (j): It was a bad idea to go to the movies. I made a mistake. Usual pronunciation of should have: “should-ev" or “should-e." lao was/were supposed to: unfulfilled expectation or obligation in the past PRESENT:(k) We are supposed to leave now. PAST: (1) We were supposed toleave last week. PRESENT:(m)The mail should be here. Should have + past participle: past expectation The speaker expected something to happen%; it may or may not have occurred, as in (n).. PAST: (n) The mail should have been here by now.

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TOEIC・English Undergraduate

67の答えがCなのですがおかしくないですか?恐らくCEOの事を書いているのだと思いますがCEOと社長presidentは別の役職で同じではないと思ったのですが

65-67 refer to the following conversation. W: Richard, we were deeply impressed with your presentation this morning. You concentrated on the benefits the customers 65. What did the man do this morning? OEIC (A) He had a talk with an executivetsTENING will get from our new products. That was awesome. The sales manager wants you to give a presentation on the same topic to the board of directors next week. (B) He gave a talk. (C) He made a presentation to the board of directors. (D) He put together handouts. 66. What does the woman suggest? I'm glad you liked it. I'l try my best to please the board of directors. Maybe l could use some technology to supplement my presentation. Don't you think using a video allows the audience to understandit (A) Preparing more informative materials (B) Using a video (C) Getting advice from the sales manager (D) Choosing a new topic M: ,Com, /。 better? W: That's a good idea. You should prepare more extensive handouts as well. I will be free this afternoon, so l can help you put them together. M: I'd appreciate it. Let's make it our top priority to ensure that our executives are satisfied. Even the CEO will be there. 67. What does the man say about next week's presentation? (A) It will take place in the afternoon. (B) It will concentrate on the benefits of video presentations. (C) The president will see it. (D) The sales manager will help them prepare for it. 65B 66A 6

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Physics Undergraduate

量子力学・ハイゼンベルクの交換相互作用についての問題です。 参考書を参考に(あ)〜(え)まで解いてみたのですが、考え方はあっていますか? また、(お)以降の解説をお願いします。ブロッホの定理やフーリエ変換はどのように効いてくるのでしょうか?

III. 以下の文章のあ き の枠内に当てはまる数式や記号を答えよ。 ヘ =1として,スピン角運動量1/2をもつ三つのスピンが,互いに相互作用している系を考え る。スピン演算子を$, S,, $, とすると,系のハミルトニアンは次のように与えられる。 自=-J(S, S+ S,. S。+ $。. S.), J>0. ここでも番目(;= 1,2,3) のスピンのz,9, z 方向成分をそれぞれ好,S, S とする。スピン演算 子の間には (S, SY] = iS}, [SF, SY] = 0などの交換関係が成り立つ、自) = E\d) を満たす。 固有エネルギーEとエネルギー固有状態|)を求めたい。 全スピン角運動量 Shot = $, + $2+S。を使うとハミルトニアンは次のように書き直すことが できる。 自= - + JC, 定数C= あ 'tot このことから基底状態のエネルギー固有値は 時の固有値は S= +1/2, -1/2 のニつであり,これらに相当する1スピン状態をそれぞれ↑。 ↓と記すと,3スピン状態は,|S{ S S3) = |M1),| t)などのように表すことができる。独 立な3スピン状態は全部で 具体的にエネルギー固有状態をあらわしてみよう。 まず基底状態のうちで Sto = St+ Sz + Sg が最大の状態は |S S; Sg) ちに書き下すことができる。 つぎにエネルギー固有状態のうちで Sie = 1/2 のものを求めたい,ハミルトニアンと交換可 能な演算子はハミルトニアンと同時固有状態をもつことを利用する.このような演算子の一つ にスピンをRIS; S; S) = |S; S; S;)のように巡回置換する演算子良がある。-iとなるこ とと,周期系におけるブロッホの定理やフーリエ変換を思い出すと,Rと St。と自の同時固有 状態は適切な定数A(複素数も含む)を用いて い である。 う 種類あり,規格直交基底をなす。にれらの線形結合の形で え のように直 三 る(「4)+A|)+ ^°| +t) V3 と表せることが分かる。Aの取り得る値をすべて列挙すると 底状態となるのは A- か 以上の結果からすでに二つ基底状態が得られた。残りの基底状態を列挙すると, お となる.このうちで,基 の場合である。 き と なる。

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Mathematics Undergraduate

多様体の接空間に関する基底定理の証明です。g(q)=∫〜と定義した関数を微積分学の基本定理を用いながら変形してg(q)=g(0)+∑gᵢuⁱと導出するのですが、これがうまくいきません。 自分は、g(q)の式をまず両辺tで微分して、次に両辺uⁱで積分して、最後に両辺tで積分... Read More

12. Theorem.If{ = (x', , x") is a coordinate system in M at p, then its coordinate vectors d, lp, …… 0,l, forma basis for the tangent space T,(M); and D= E(x) 。 i=1 for all ve T(M). Proof. By the preceding remarks we can work solely on the coordinate neighborhood of G. Since u(c) = Othere is no loss of generality in assuming ど(p) = 0eR". Shrinking W if necessary gives E(W) = {qe R":|q| < } for some 8. Ifg is a smooth function on E(W) then for each 1 <isndefine og (tq) dt du g(9) = for all qe {(W). It follows using the fundamental theorem of calculus that g= g(0) + E&,u' on (W). Thus if fe &(M), setting g = f。' yields f= f(P) + Ex on U. Applying d/ax' gives f(p) = (f /0x)(P). Thus applying the tangent vector e to the formula gives (f) = 0+ E(x'(p) + E Ap)u(x) = E(Px). ず ax Since this holds for all f e &(M), the tangent vectors v and Z Ux') d,l, are equal. It remains to show that the coordinate vectors are linearly independent. But if ) a, o.l, = 0, then application to x' yields dxi 0=24 (P) = 2q d」= 4. In particular the (vector space) dimension of T,(M) is the same as the dimension of M.

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