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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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次の英文を読み、以下の問いに答えなさい。 Cow. Chicken. Grass. Which two are in the same group? Your answer depends on where you were born and raised. T fedt af gnofed For a long time, *research psychologists have had an idea that East Asians and Westerners think about the world in different ways. There was not enough scientific *evidence to support this idea until recently. In the past 15 years, however, researchers have learned a lot about different thinking styles and the cultural differences that produce them. The story begins in 1972, when *Liang-Hwang Chiu, a professor of *educational psychology at *Indiana University, tested more than 200 Chinese and 300 American children. He showed some cards to each child. Each card had pictures of three things. One card, for example, showed a cow, a chicken, and grass. Chiu asked the children to say which two things were in the same group. Most of the American children picked the chicken and cow. They explained the reason by saying that "both are animals." Most of the Chinese children, however, put the cow and grass together because "cows eat grass." solib - People didn't think Chiu's study was very important in the years after its *publication because $*psychological scientists at that time paid little attention to cultural differences. In the 1990s, however, *cross-cultural psychology became 2"hot" and Chiu's findings were paid attention to again. 3 Researchers at the University of Michigan did Chiu's study again by testing college students from China, Taiwan, and the United States. Without using pictures, the researchers gave the students with and asked them to say which two three words shampoo, hair, and conditioner, for example 20 were in the same group. The Americans were more likely than the Chinese to say that shampoo and conditioner go together because they're both hair care goods. The Chinese were more likely to say that shampoo and hair go together because "shampoo washes and cleans hair." Why do East Asians and Westerners think differently? Most researchers believe the answer can be Taplapo 77 Step A Step B Step C

このような文でカンマが多すぎてどこの文の一部なのかわからなかったり、どこにかかってるのかわからなかったりします、 99ならto pay ,in goldってto pay できって新しいことを話し始めるのかと思ったら修飾してたとか これって全部文脈はんだんなんですか？

by any CD (99) 107 bio ab 9di nood end : p.198 99 The paper currency appearing in the 19th century English novels consists of notes issued by individual banks and not by a central government authority. In the 19th century virtually any bank, large or small, could issue its own notes representing a promise to pay, in gold, the stated amount to the bearer upon demand. * :p.200 100 Unfortunately, for the past century some humanists have been at odds with technologists, viewing technology as a harmful force beyond their control all the more intolerable because of its human origins. This attitude is part of the humanist's traditional focus on the past and unwillingness to embrace either the art or technology of the present. mwors 978rl gw indi

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B. Complete the paragraph with items from the box. Two items are extra. コメント 期待した FAKT media neighboring a actually commented potentially riddle expected significant かなりの made the headlines spectacularly worship visible ALLES tim tj 京料 all Archaeologists in England thought they had made an amazing discovery in July 2003, when tourists on a beach found ancient carvings on a large block of stone. The archaeologists believed that the discovery of the stone, which had been imported from Norway in the 1980s and used to make a wall, was The carvings of two snakes, a dragon, and other Experts translated the stone to say, (1) very (2) in the local (4) shapes (3) "This stone is for people who celebrate with fire." of the However, two months later, the archaeologists were surprised when the (5) carvings was solved by a fifty-year-old local builder, Barry Luxton. The man; who had seen a photograph in a newspaper, told them that he was (6) the one who had made the shapes - in 1995! Luxton said that over a period of three days he had made the carvings for a celebration on a beach that was going to be held by a group of druids people who nature. However, the block did not end up being moved to the other beach and was eventually covered by sand. Recent bad weather blew the sand away, making the carvings (9) again. Luxton was surprised; he really never (10) that his (7) (8) work would become so famous. follows may twen ne rac of th

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5. の用塗材 531ogin Ecologists study how organisms 生態学者は生物がどのよ うに自らの環境と影響し interact with their environment. 合っているかを研究する。 m >5 janbq.

ピンク線のoneはなぜいるのですか？ Secondの後ろにはないですしよくわからないです！ また、ピンク線のhaveはなぜいるのですか？教えていただきたいです！

Japaiies 現在克了組験」2005 「lave you ever visited a zoo before? Most of vou probably have visited one at least once あなたはこれまでに動物園を訪れたことはありますか。 そらく、1.2回は訪れたことかあると思 人どの人は、おそうくハ2回は少な or twice. Zoos are familiar to most of us. 動物園は私たちのほとんどにとって身近なものです。 2 ovide ) erの 人に物を提供 接検誤 It is said that zoos have four different purposes. The first one is to preserve wild anima れは4つの業なな目的があると言われてまっめのそれは野生動物種の保存です。 wil animalsbe Cles species. Every zoo has the responsibility for protecting and breeding them. The second is 3べての動物固はそれらと食個査し保護する費任があはす。 2つめは, help us to learn more about animals and experience firsthand their smells and sounds. 私たちが動物についてより多くを学んだり, それらの臭いや声を実体験したりする手助けとなる とです。 heb® to 対風、のがいすなのを助けな 3つめの目的は動物笠者に、動物たちを詳細に確究するための場所を The third purpose/is to provide a place for zoologists to research animals in detail/For 提供するためて 例えば example, they can study giraffes' sleeping and eating habits. That is why zoos are called 彼らはキリンの睡眠や食事の習慣を研究することができます。これが動物園は「生きた」 nのような iving” research institutions. Lastly, zoos are recreational places Hke amusement parks 研究施設と呼ばれるゆえんです。最後に、動物園は私たわが家族が友幸と楽しおことが <where we can have fun with our family and friends> できる遊園地のような娠果の場場でち。 ライブズ Zoos enrich our lives in many ways. 動物園は私たちの生活を多くの点で豊かにしてくれます。 Why don't you visit a nearby zoo next weekend? 次の週末,近くの動物園に行きませんか。

二つ質問があります。 ①9行目のandがなぜその位置に来るのかがわかりません。私はandは2つ以上の単語を並べる際に最後に来る単語の前につくものだと思っていたのでandの位置に不自然さを感じました。 ②10行目のfor exampleは何故そこの位置にあるのでしょうか？... Read More

Different cultures experience time in different ways. The sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that we get our ideas of space and time from our culture and the cultural ideas of space and time dictate our culture. This seems circular but is not necessarily a vicious circle, because the 5 concept of time is open to revision. Cultures change and adapt their concepts of time, just as they can revise and change their notion of work. Every society has its own social time. Social time determines a general path of life ー when you do what. It tells you when to eat, when go to school, and when you are old enough to drink, drive, 10 get married, or retire. The social meaning of Sunday, for example, is so ingrained in our culture that mental patients who are given good care during the week tend to take time off from their erratic behavior on you should Sundays. (153 words) a ol ?推測しよS

79はnoが名詞を否定、81は鯨構文で訳し方が全然違うと思うのですが、79に書いてあるようにno 比較級名詞=最上級　となるのはthan以下の文が大前提のこと言っているなら　鯨構文の解釈と考えれば良いのですか？ 後、no比較級というのはno 比較級=最上級　名詞がなくても=... Read More

79 名詞をゼロにする<no+比較級〉→最上物 次の英文の下線部を訳しなさい Manners are not a demonstration of weakness, but a siun .. common sense. Manners are mankind's way of saying, “Let's nos fight unless we have to" 一 than that, in business, in love and marriage, in the transactions of and there may be no higher wisdom everyday life. (京都女子大) nobody, noneの “no" は 「ゼロ」 を意味します。「ゼロの人→人はいない」 解 法と考えます。I have no money.なども「ゼロのお金を持っている→お金を全然 持っていない」となります。つまり, “no" は名詞をゼロにするわけです。 では,例題の第2文, "一and" 以下に注目してください。

下から4行目のIn one set of studies からの訳がイマイチ分かりません。一文ごとには訳せているつもりなのですが大まかに解説して頂きたいです。

C But what exactly is beauty? Trying to define it is difficult, and yet we know it when we see it-or so we think. "Beauty is health," says one psychologist. "It's a billboard saying. Tm healthy. I can pass on your genes." And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces in the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the

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本B.Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra. 3 archaeologistsi make sense monument restored strangled visible worship The Sphinx is a very famous (1) that is seen by almost every tourist that goes to Egypt. According to (2) the first sphinx made. Over thousands of years, sand covered the Sphinx until only the head was the Great Sphinx of Giza was probably People forgot that the head represented a Pharaoh, and they began to the Sphinx as Ra, the sun god. In fact, the name "sphinx" is not Egyptian, but -and from the Greek word meaning "strangler." According to legend, the Sphinx (5) of her riddle. killed anyone who could not (6)