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Chemistry Senior High

下の水素イオン濃度の計算がおかしいと思うのですが🤔🤔🤔 どうなってるんですか?

発展 緩衝液とpHの変化 緩衝液である酢酸と酢酸ナトリウムの混合溶液を希釈するとpHはどのよう に変化するだろうか。 ●酢酸の電離平衡と希釈 酢酸の電離平衡の式 (64) (179)は、酢酸水溶液について表したものであるが、 酢酸ナトリウムが加わったときでも成立する。 ただし, 平衡移動のために、各成 分の濃度が変わっている [CH,COO] [H] [CH, COOH] =K. 0 酢酸に十分な量の酢酸ナトリウムを加えた水溶液では, [CH,COOH] は加えた 酢酸の濃度c. [mol/L] にほぼ等しい。 また, [CH, COO]は酢酸ナトリウムの . [mol/L] にほぼ等しい。 式から、混合水溶液の水素イオン濃度は次の式 になる。 [CH, COOH] [H'] = [CHCOO K₁ = K 0 式より、緩衝液を希釈しても, [CH,COOH] と [CHCOO] が同じだけ小 さくなるため,pHは変わらないことがわかる。また, [CHCOOH]:[CH,Coo が 1:1 から 1:10 に変わっても, pHの変化はわずか1であることもわかる 例題 A 緩衝液とpHの変化 0.100 mol の酢酸と 0.100 mol の酢酸ナトリウムを含む混合水溶液 1.0L がある。これに, 0.010 molの塩化水素を吹き込み溶かした。 水 溶液のpHはどのように変化したか。 小数第2位まで求めたpHの を用いて答えよ。 ただし, 酢酸の電離定数 K = 2.7 x 10mol/L 10g102.7 = 0.43, logio 3.3 0.52 とする。 解 水溶液中で酢酸ナトリウムは完全に電離し CH3COO が多量にあ あるため酢酸の電離はほとんど起こっていない。 CH3COONa CH3COO + Na+ CH3COOH CH3COO + H+ したがって,水溶液中の [CH3COOH] = [CH3COO] = 0.100mol/L とみなせるので [CH3COOH] [H+] = K₁ = K₁ pH = -logio (2.7 x 10 ) = 4.57 [CH,COO] ここに, 0.010 molの塩化水素を吹き込むと、CH3COO H* 0.11 0.091 CH3COOH の反応が起き, [CH, COOH] = 0.110mol/L, [CH3COO = 0.090 mol/Lになるから、 [H'] = [CH3COOH] K = 3.3 × 10 mol/L [CH3COO] pH = -logio (3.3 × 10 ) = 4.48 ① 添字のs は, 塩 (salt) を意味する。 答 4.57 から 4.4S に変化し ②pH = -logio K + logio c 178

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English Junior High

問4の並び替えはどのように考えて解けばいいのですか?

3 次は、高校生のHayato (男性) が書いた文章です。 これを読んで, 間 1~ 問6に答えなさい。 *印の ついている語句には、本文のあとに〔注〕があります。(34点) I love bicycles. I've been using my bicycle since I was a junior high school student. One morning, however, I got scared on my way to school. A car passed me really fast. It almost touched my bicycle. There are only a few *bicycle lanes in my town, and I think some of those lanes are too narrow for a bicycle to use safely. I wanted to make our streets safer for cyclists, and then I read about "Copenhagen, Denmark in a bicycle "magazine. It's Aas one of the most *bicycle-friendly cities in the world. I learned more about the city on the Internet and thought it's really a wonderful city for cyclists. I'd like to write about it. In Denmark. 90% of the people have a bicycle, and in Copenhagen, 49% of the workers and students go to work or school by bicycle (27 % go by car, 18% by bus or train, and 6% on foot). Many streets in the city have bicycle lanes and bicycle traffic lights, and there is even a bicycle bridge named "The Bicycle "Snake." I was "envious of the cyclists in Copenhagen because the city is bicycle-friendly in every way. You can ride a bicycle at 20 km/h without B at red lights even when the traffic is busy, and you can bring your bicycle on trains and buses. In the 2019 ranking of "Bicycle-friendly Cities," Copenhagen was No. 1 and Tokyo was No. 16. ② A lot of people were using cars in Copenhagen, too, but around 1980, the city started making better roads and rules for bicycles, and the number of bicycle users started increasing. Around 2017, the number of bicycle users in Copenhagen became almost the same as the number of car users. I was also surprised to see that the number of bicycle accidents in Copenhagen was "lower than in other large cities. I think it's because the roads (cyclists for safe/follow/ and/ are cyclists the traffic rules. In many Japanese road safety classes, children are taught that roads are dangerous and sometimes shown shocking scenes of traffic accidents, and they learn that they must follow traffic rules when they ride a bicycle. But in Denmark. children play games in their classes. They can have fun when they learn traffic rules. Now there is a movement in Japan that gives children road safety classes in this way. Bicycles are cheaper than cars and healthier. They're also friendlier to the environment. The United Nations expects that about 70% of the people in the world will live in big cities by 2050. Such a large number of people will cause some problems, and more traffic is one of them. Copenhagen is a very good role model for Sustainable cities and communities" which is one of the U.N.'s "Sustainable Development Goals. I think Copenhagen's ideas to increase the number of bicycle users are wonderful because people there don't have to stop doing anything. They choose bicycles because the city is designed in a way that using a bicycle is more convenient than using a car, bus. or train. However, after the number of bicycle users increased, more parking spaces are needed there. (3 To make a bicycle-friendly city, just making more bicycle lanes isn't enough. We must think about the future of our cities. Denmark has made a lot of great plans and has more exciting plans for the future. For example, it's going to build a "bicycle" "superhighway" between cities and other areas by around 2045. I definitely want to ride a bicycle on it some day! 〔注〕 be cared おびえて こわがって bicycle lane 自転車専用の車線. レーン cyclist ...... 自転車乗りの人、サイクリスト pass…………〜を追いこす。 通り過ぎる narrow ・・・・・・幅が狭い Copenhagen コペンハーゲン (Denmark 「デンマーク」の首都) magazine 雑誌 on foot... 徒歩で bicycle-friendly... 自転車にやさしい traffic light...信号 (traffic は 「交通 (量)」)

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