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Chemistry Senior High

電離平衡の質問です。 解説にはH+やOH-の増加分を無視しないと三次方程式を解くことになって困難になると書いてあります。 確かにそうなのですがだからといってどうして無視してよくなるのでしょうか。 水の電離による寄与分を無視できる程度のCだと前提にする、というのも問題に書いて... Read More

「入試攻略 への必須問題 酢酸の電離定数を Ka 〔mol/L] アンモニアの電離定数を Ko [mol/L] とし,次の(1), (2) に答えよ。 ただし, (1), (2) ともに電離度αは1より十分 に小さいとする。 (\fom (1) C [mol/L]の酢酸水溶液の [H+] [mol/L] を求めよ。 (2) C[mol/L] のアンモニア水の [OH] [mol/L] を求めよ。 解説 H2Oの電離によるH+ や OH-の増加分を無視しないと, p.341 のような3次 方程式を解くことになり,解を得るのが困難なので,水の電離による寄与分を無 視できる程度のCの値だということを前提にして解いてください。 (1) (2) CH3COOH CH3COO + H+ [AH][NH3 + H2O 電離前 C1IX [HQ]+ 0 NH+ + OH $A]+ C 変化量 -Ca +Ca +Ca 大量 変化量 Ca -Ca 0 0 +Ca +Ca 電離後C(1-α) Ca Ca 電離後C(1-α) 大量 Ca Ca [CH3COO-] [H+] Ka= [NH4+][OH] [CH3COOH] Kb= [NH3] SPS Ca Ca Ca-Ca =← (1-a) (1-α) Ca² .4±0 Ca² th = 1-a 1-ax α ≪1 ならば, 1-α≒1 とできるから, Ka=CQ2A α ≪1 ならば, 1-α≒1 とできるから, Kb≒C2 Ka よって, α= よって, α= 「Kb √ C C [H+]=√CKa これを [H+] = Cα に代入すると, J これを[OH]=Cに代入すると, [OH]=CK 答え (1) [+]=√CKa (2)[OH]=√CK 週一般的にはα= Ka の値が 0.05 以下なら, 1-α≒1 としてかまいません。 Ka >0.05 のときは Ca2 1-a =Ka を解いて, αを求め直します。

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Chemistry Senior High

113の問題で弱酸と強塩基からなるのに酸性ではなく正塩になったり強と弱塩基からなるのに正塩になったりするのか教えていただけると助かります

~③③の分類は,塩の水溶液が酸性を 113 酸性:エカ塩基性:ウ, オ 応させ H2SO4 塩の水溶液の性質は次のようになる。 <塩の水溶液の性質> 強酸と強塩基からなる正塩・・・・・・中性 強酸と弱塩基からなる正塩・・・酸性 強酸と強塩基からなる酸性塩・・・酸性 弱酸と強塩基からなる正塩・・・塩基性 (この を濃 NaH (H 応 He (ア) 強酸 HNO3と強塩基 NaOHからなる正塩 (イ) 強酸H2SO4と強塩基 KOHからなる正塩 (ウ) 弱酸 CH3COOH と強塩基 NaOHからなる正塩 (エ) 強酸 HC1 と弱塩基 NH3 からなる正塩 (オ) 弱酸 H2CO3 と強塩基 NaOH からなる酸性塩 (カ) 強酸H2SO4 と強塩基 NaOHからなる酸性塩 NaHSO』→Na+ + H+ + SO- Na+H++ 補足 (ウ),(オ)では,弱酸がH+ を失って生じた陰イオンが H2O からH* を奪ってOH を 生じるため, 塩基性を示す。 (エ)では,弱塩基から生じた陽イオンが, H2O に H* を与えて H3O* を生じるため, 酸性を示す。 (ウ), (エ) (オ)のような変化を塩の加水分解という。 (ウ) CH3COO + H2O CHCOOH + OH NH3 + H.O+ H2O + CO2 + OH (エ) NH+ + H2O (オ) HCO3 + H2O (ア)(イ)のように, 強酸から生じた陰イオン, 強塩基から生じた陽イオンは加水分解をしない。 (カ)では、強酸から生じたHSO がまだHをもっているので、電して水中にHを出す。 HSOH+ + SO 114 (a) 弱 (b)(c) (a) (b) (c)

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English Junior High

問4の並び替えはどのように考えて解けばいいのですか?

3 次は、高校生のHayato (男性) が書いた文章です。 これを読んで, 間 1~ 問6に答えなさい。 *印の ついている語句には、本文のあとに〔注〕があります。(34点) I love bicycles. I've been using my bicycle since I was a junior high school student. One morning, however, I got scared on my way to school. A car passed me really fast. It almost touched my bicycle. There are only a few *bicycle lanes in my town, and I think some of those lanes are too narrow for a bicycle to use safely. I wanted to make our streets safer for cyclists, and then I read about "Copenhagen, Denmark in a bicycle "magazine. It's Aas one of the most *bicycle-friendly cities in the world. I learned more about the city on the Internet and thought it's really a wonderful city for cyclists. I'd like to write about it. In Denmark. 90% of the people have a bicycle, and in Copenhagen, 49% of the workers and students go to work or school by bicycle (27 % go by car, 18% by bus or train, and 6% on foot). Many streets in the city have bicycle lanes and bicycle traffic lights, and there is even a bicycle bridge named "The Bicycle "Snake." I was "envious of the cyclists in Copenhagen because the city is bicycle-friendly in every way. You can ride a bicycle at 20 km/h without B at red lights even when the traffic is busy, and you can bring your bicycle on trains and buses. In the 2019 ranking of "Bicycle-friendly Cities," Copenhagen was No. 1 and Tokyo was No. 16. ② A lot of people were using cars in Copenhagen, too, but around 1980, the city started making better roads and rules for bicycles, and the number of bicycle users started increasing. Around 2017, the number of bicycle users in Copenhagen became almost the same as the number of car users. I was also surprised to see that the number of bicycle accidents in Copenhagen was "lower than in other large cities. I think it's because the roads (cyclists for safe/follow/ and/ are cyclists the traffic rules. In many Japanese road safety classes, children are taught that roads are dangerous and sometimes shown shocking scenes of traffic accidents, and they learn that they must follow traffic rules when they ride a bicycle. But in Denmark. children play games in their classes. They can have fun when they learn traffic rules. Now there is a movement in Japan that gives children road safety classes in this way. Bicycles are cheaper than cars and healthier. They're also friendlier to the environment. The United Nations expects that about 70% of the people in the world will live in big cities by 2050. Such a large number of people will cause some problems, and more traffic is one of them. Copenhagen is a very good role model for Sustainable cities and communities" which is one of the U.N.'s "Sustainable Development Goals. I think Copenhagen's ideas to increase the number of bicycle users are wonderful because people there don't have to stop doing anything. They choose bicycles because the city is designed in a way that using a bicycle is more convenient than using a car, bus. or train. However, after the number of bicycle users increased, more parking spaces are needed there. (3 To make a bicycle-friendly city, just making more bicycle lanes isn't enough. We must think about the future of our cities. Denmark has made a lot of great plans and has more exciting plans for the future. For example, it's going to build a "bicycle" "superhighway" between cities and other areas by around 2045. I definitely want to ride a bicycle on it some day! 〔注〕 be cared おびえて こわがって bicycle lane 自転車専用の車線. レーン cyclist ...... 自転車乗りの人、サイクリスト pass…………〜を追いこす。 通り過ぎる narrow ・・・・・・幅が狭い Copenhagen コペンハーゲン (Denmark 「デンマーク」の首都) magazine 雑誌 on foot... 徒歩で bicycle-friendly... 自転車にやさしい traffic light...信号 (traffic は 「交通 (量)」)

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