Grade

Type of questions

TOEIC・English Undergraduate

下線部(1)の文構造が分かりません。特に2行目の文構造が分かりません。強調のdoであることは分かりますが、その後のthat以降が関係詞?かすらも分からないので、誰か教えて下さい!

次の英文は1991年に出版された本からのもので、 研究分野としての「人工知 能」 (Artificial Intelligence) について述べています。 下線部(1)~(3)を日本語に訳 しなさい。 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Just about the only characterization of Al that would meet with universal acceptance is that it involves trying to make machines do tasks which are normally seen as requiring intelligence. There are countless refinements of this characterization: what sort of machines we want to consider; how we decide what tasks require intelligence and so on. One of the most important questions concerns the reasons why we want to make machines do such tasks. AI has always been split between people who want to make machines do tasks that require intelligence because they want more useful machines, and people who want to do it because they see it as a way of exploring how humans do such tasks. We will call the two approaches the engineering approach and the cognitive-science respectively. (2) (1) approach The techniques required for the two approaches are not always very different. For many of the tasks that engineering AI wants solutions to, the only systems we know about that can perform them are humans), so that, at least initially, the obvious way to design solutions is to try to mimic what we know about humans. For many of the tasks that cognitive-science Al wants solutions to, the evidence on how humans do them is too hard to interpret to enable us to construct computational models, so the only approach is to try to design solutions from scratch" and then see how well they fit what we know about humans. The main visible difference between the two approaches is in (3) their criteria for success; an engineer would be delighted to have create something that outperformed a person; a cognitive scientist would regard it as a failure. -1- M7 (492-61

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English Senior High

⑷の棒線部の訳がわかりません。問4が答えです。主語はないのですか?

23 15m 20 min. 362 words 次の英文を読んで、設問に答えなさい。 (1) A lot of people think cancer is the number one killer in the United States, but it's not. The leading killer is heart disease. Cancer is number two. Heart disease is responsible for about one-quarter of the deaths in the U.S. each year. Heart attacks (2a) account for over 500,000 deaths a year. One 5 reason the number of deaths from heart attacks is so high is that when people experience chest pain, they don't realize they may be having a heart attack and wait too long before going to the hospital. Such a delay can be fatal. (3a)- In fact, more than half of all heart attack victims die before they reach the hospital. 10 What are the warning signs of a heart attack? According to the American Heart Association, the signs include uncomfortable pressure or pain in the middle of the chest for two minutes or longer; movement of pain to the shoulder, arm, neck, or jaw; sweating may accompany the pain; *nausea and vomiting may 15 also occur; and shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting may be experienced with the other signs. (3b) One of the factors that increase the risk of heart attack is high blood pressure. Today, with the stresses of everyday life, nearly one out of every three adults suffers from high blood 20 pressure. High blood pressure can be brought on by a fight with one's *spouse, problems at work, (2b) speaking in public, or even telling a lie. But it can also be brought on by something you enjoy, like the caffeine in a cup of coffee, cigarettes, or alcohol. There are, fortunately, ways to lower blood pressure - ways 25 Introduce

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