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Chemistry Senior High

RHEED法の原理と得られる7つの情報が、この英文に書かれているみたいなのですが、よく分かりません。 分かる方助けてください!🙇‍♂️

INTRODUCTION Reection high-energy electron diHiraction (RHEED) uses a Rnely collimated electron beam with energy of 10-100 keV. The beam irradiates a sample surface with gazing incidence to obtain forward scattered difraction patterms. RHEED enables us to analyze structures of crystal surfaces at atomic levels and also to in situ monitor growth processes of thin films (mo、1988: Ichimiya and Cohen、2004: Peng et al.. 2011). From the arrangement。intensity and profile of the dilraction spots in RHEED patterns as described below in detail、 one can obtain various kinds of information: (1) the periodicity (unit cells) in atomic arrangements. (2) flat- ness of surfaces. (3) sizes of grains/domains of surface structures and microcrystals grown on the surface. (3) epitaxial relation between the grown flms/islands with respect to the substrate. (5) parameters character- izing structural phase transitions. (6) individual atomic positions in the unit cells. and (7) growth styles of thin films and numbers of atomic layers grown. The most important advantages of the method are that it is quite easy to install the RHEED apparatus in Yarious types of vacuum chambers without interfering with other components of apparatuses and to do real- time monitoring during thin-Rlm growths. Because of these advantages.RHEED is nowwidelyusednotonlyin research Iabs of surfaces and thin fims. but also in device production processes in industry Low-energy electron diiraction (LEED、see article Low-ENNERcy ErecroN DirscmoN)。 in which an electron beam of 10-100 eV in energy is irradiated onto a sample surface with nearly normal incidence to obtain back- scattered difraction patterns. is also widely used to analyze the atomic structures of crystal surfaces. Since one has to make the sample face directly to the LEED

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English Senior High

2問教えてください😭

[4」 。 Ta word's meammng is its dictionary definition, then understanding this meaning involves understanding the meanings of the words used in the definitions. But understanding the meanings of these words must involve understanding the meanings of the words in 妨e7 definitions. And understanding 7ese definitions must involve understanding the words they use, which of course would have to involvye understanding even more definitions. The process is never-ending. [5] Sometimes the circularity* of a set of dictionary definitions is apparent by looking up just a few words. For instance, one English dictionary defines gzozze as being or having the nature of a deity*、 but defines gez/y as "divinity*. Another defines przde as the quality or state of being proud', but defines proxd as *feeling or showing pride'、Examples hke these are especially graphic\。but essentially the same problem holds for any dictionary-style definition. Dictionaries are written to be of practical aid to people who already speak the language, not to make theoretical claims about the nature of meaning. People can and do learn the meanings of some words through dictionary definitions, so Would be unfair to say that such definitions are completely unable to characterize the meanings of words, but it should be clear that dictionary definitions cant be all there is to the meanings of all the words in a language.

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