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15 min.
216 words
次の英文を読んで,設問に答えなさい。
An instinctive behavior is inherited: /you're born with it./ In
(1 ),a learned behavior is developed from experience.
do inherit an instinct to
(2a)
Although humans and some animals
learn, the content of their learning is determined by their
5 experience.
Instinctive behavior does not change; it stays the same even
when circumstances change. Birds migrate in the winter months
even when the weather stays warm. But learned behavior is
more( 3). Humans don't *hibernate in winter, and most
10 humans don't change where they live seasonally. Instead, they
have learned to dress warmly and heat their houses. Humans
are very adaptable. Generally , we don't wait for evolution to
change our responses to the environment%; instead, learned
behavior enables us to respond quickly to changing circumstances.
To learn from an experience, an organism must have a
15
memory to store information to be used later. Memory helps an
organism learn through trial and error. In trial-and-error learning,
an organism tries to
do a task again and again, sometimes
(2b)
making mistakes, but other times succeeding. Eventually the
20 organism figures out what it did to succeed. A mouse will learn
how to get through a maze to find food at the end by trying
different routes again and again. The mouse eventually remembers
which routes don't lead to food and 'which
(2c)
do.
(注) hibernate: 冬眠する, 冬ごもりする
(東北学院大)
