英検2級の過去問です。 この文章を約4分の1くらいに「要約」したいのですが、自分では上手く書けませんでした💦 誰か書いてくれませんか？参考にしたいです。

Grade 2 3 C Building a Better Future Estonia is a country in northern Europe. Before World War II, it was an independent country, but by the end of the war, it was part of the Soviet Union. In those days, there was a shortage of houses in many parts of the Soviet Union, so the government built many apartment buildings. These were meant to be temporary homes, and they were not designed or built well. After the Soviet Union broke up in 1991, Estonia and other countries became independent again. Most of these countries have been destroying their old apartment buildings. Estonia, however, is turning its apartment buildings into environmentally friendly homes that use energy efficiently. The project began in 2016 with 17 apartment buildings in Tartu, a city in the south of the country, and is known as SmartEnCity. Estonia is now a member of the European Union (EU), and it received financial help from the EU for the project. The aim is not only to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the apartments, but also to turn them into modern, good-looking homes. Work on the 17 apartment buildings in Tartu has now been completed. Changes have been made to prevent heat from escaping through the walls and windows. A new, efficient heating system has been added. Each apartment has a control panel which lets residents monitor and control the amount of energy they consume. As a result, the residents now use 80 percent less gas to heat their apartments. Also, solar panels have been installed on the buildings, and these produce three times more electricity than the residents need. Some critics said the project would be a waste of money. However, so far, it seems to be working. The EU paid for half of the cost, and the rest was paid for by residents using money borrowed from banks. The residents are spending 1less than_they used to on energy bills,/ so they have extra money to repay the loans. Moreover, the work on the apartments has improved the way the city looks. The Estonian government hopes to upgrade some of the other 6,000 old apartment buildings in the country in a similar way. CDE 22 公益財団法人日本英語検定協会 無断転載複製を禁じます 2021年度第1回検定一次試験(2級) I2 無断転載複製を禁じます

この問題のreusable の意味を教えてください。 辞書に載ってませんでした。 向きの問題で写真が逆さまになってすみません。

) for our future. I carry (3) We should protect the global ( |my own portable chopsticks and reusable drink bottles. 1.material 2.experiment 3.author 4.environment

To devastating effect のtoの働きを教えて欲しいです！

and amphibians, The RLI values show that all of these animal groups are dropping in number, with corals facíng the greatest danger of extinction.) increasing armounts of gas, Coal and other fossil fuels over the past 150 years, Humans are endangering species in a variety of ways) (By burning people have elevated the levcl of carbon dioxidol Their RLI values dropped from about 0.97 in 1996 to just above 0.8 in 2010,/ rincluding the following four major animal groups: corals, birds, mammals, already disappeared! The IUCN has gathered data on numerous species, 5回 英語(リーディング) S B You are stidying bow human beings are affecting the planét. You are going SV to read the following article「to understand the human impact pn world animal populations For centuries, humans have changed the environment around them through activities such as farming, fishing and cutting down trees. However, today they are changing the natural world at a faster rate than ever before to devastating effect, A report by the United Nations (UN) shows that up to one milion species of plants and animals are in danger of going extinct. The loss of these species will destroy entire ecosystems/ threatening_the continued existence of humans all over the world. 2 The UN report draws on data gathered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (1UCN). The 1UCN created a Red List Index RLD that it uses to predict trends within different plant and animal groups. Croups with an RLI value of 1.0 are thOse that are not expected to become inct in the near future. Those with an RLI value of 0 are those that have a 3

これあってますか？？

|英文の空所を埋めるのに適切な語句を、 (1)~(4)から選びなさい。 of air conditioners is needed. 3.0 matter A technician with 1.0 demand 2 knowledge 4.0 capacity The construction project is in its A0 final stages. 3.0 finalize 2.0 finally 4.0 finalization Tickets will be available for the final concert at a rate 1.0 reduced 2.0 reducing 30 reduction 4.0 reduce The price of these parts is 1.0 reason for this brand. 20 reasonable 3.0 reasonably 4.0 reasoning Ms. Stratton gave a very speech at the conference 1.0 memorable 2.9 4.0 memory memorize 3.0 memories The meeting came to an early 1.0 conclude 2.0 conclusion 3- conclusive 4.0 concluding were the cause of the delivery delays in the factory. 2.0 Accidentally 16 Accident 3.0 Accidental 4.0 Accidents Staff meetings are held 1.0 regular at the Hamilton office. 3.0 regularly 20 regularity 4. regulate The factory has stopped releasing 1.0 harm gasses into the environment. 3.0 harmfully 2.0 harms 4,9 harmful Everyone forward to the president's arrival. 1.0 is looked 2.0 is being looked 3.0 to look 4.0 is looking

お願いします🙇‍♀️

For Speaking Test [Read and Think 1] Endangered Animals in the world Let us give you one example from the Red List. It is the crested ibis, or toki in Japanese. Up until the Meiji era, we could see many ibises around this country. However, the population of ibises in Japan rapidly decreased. People hunted them for their beautiful feathers, and development destroyed their environment. It was difficult for them to survive. In 1981, five ibises were captured on Sado Island for breeding. People tried to help them live safely, but they died one by one. The last one died in 2003. However, we still had some Chinese-born ibises on the island. They were a gift from the Chinese government in the 1990s. Since then, people have been breeding these ibises. We have lost all of the original Japanese ibises, but someday ibises may fly over Japan like before. OWhy did Japanese people hunt ibises? ( 5 ) のWhat happened to the five Japanese ibises? ( 6) When were ibises sent by the Chinese government? ( 6 ) [Read and Think 2 ] Seme gorillas are also on the Red List. According to a study, the largest gorillas in the Congo may

英語の単語のいい覚え方あればお願いします🙏 ちなみに皆さんテストで最高何位とりましたか？

lにh ABC le from Amer ica A me Comes in this wDr ld He Spe cuture He Danese lot of

こちらの英文の日本語訳教えてください。

Endangered Animals in the World Let us give you one example from the Red List. It is the crested ibis, or toki in Japanese. Up until the Meiji era, we could see many ibises around this country. However, the population of ibises in Japan rapidly decreased. People hunted them for their beautiful feathers, and development destroyed their environment. It was difficult for them to survive. In 1981, five ibises were captured on Sado Island 10 for breeding. People tried to help them live safely, but they died one by one. The last one died in 2003. However, we still had some Chinese-born ibises on the island. They were a gift from the Chinese government in the 1990s. Since then, people have been breeding these ibises. We have lost all of the original Japanese ibises, but someday ibises may fly 15 over Japan like before.. [142 words]

ある長文の日本語訳です。波線部で言ってる意味が分かりません💦どういうことでしょうか...！

段落展開 全文 訳 0 砂浜の上を、1匹のアリが、あちこちと曲がりくねった道筋をたどりながら せかせかと進んでいる。アリは右に曲がり、左に曲がり、後退し、それから立ち 止まり、再び前へ向かって進む。アリが選んだ道筋の複雑さを、私たちはどのよ うに説明できるだろうか。アリの脳の中に、その複雑な行動を説明するかもしれ ない精巧なプログラムがあるのだと思いつくかもしれないが、それではうまく説 明できないとわかるだろう。アリの脳についてあれこれ思いを巡らせる努力の中 で私たちが見過ごしているのは、アリの置かれた環境である。風と波によって形 作られた砂浜の構造、つまり小さな山や谷、そして障害物がアリの道筋を形成し ているのだ。アリの行動の見かけの複雑さは、 アリの頭脳というよりも、その置 かれた環境の複雑さを反映しているのだ。このアリは、次のような単純なルール に従っているだけかもしれない。「砂山や棒切れのような障害物を登ってエネル ギーを浪費することなく、日差しから逃れ、できるだけ早く巣まで戻ること」 複雑な行動をしているからといって、複雑で知的な戦略を意味しているわけでは ないのだ。 2 心理学者がT型迷路と呼んでいる模型の中を、ただ1匹の空腹状態のラッ トが駆け巡っている。ラットは左右のどちらにも曲がることができる。もし左に 曲がれば、10回のうち8回食べ物が見つかる。もし右に曲がれば、10回のうち 2回しか食べ物は入っていない。発見する食べ物の量が少ないため、ラットは迷 路を何度も繰り返し駆け抜ける。様々な条件の下で実験してみたところ、どのラッ トもだいたい左に曲がるという結果になり、これは予想通りとも言える。だが時 には、悪い方の選択肢であるにもかかわらず右に曲がることもあり、このことは 幾多の研究者を悩ませる。「最大化」 と呼ばれる論理原則に従うなら、ラットは 常に左に曲がるはずである。そうすれば 80パーセントの確率で食べ物が期待で きるからだ。時に、 ラットは約80% の場合しか左に曲がらず、20% の場合は右 に曲がることがある。そこで、このような行動は、80% 対 20%という確率を反 映していることから、「確率マッチング [確率対応]」と呼ばれる。しかし、結果 として(得られる)食べ物の量は減ってしまい、期待値(ラットの行動で得られ ると予想される食べ物の収支を平均した数値)は68%にしかならない。このラッ トの行動は不合理に思われる。進化の過程で、このかわいそうな動物は脳を誤っ た造りにされたのだろうか。それとも単にラットは愚かなだけなのだろうか? 3 ラットの行動は、その小さな脳の中をのぞき込むのではなく、その自然環境 を調べればすぐに理解できる。自然の条件の下でのエサあさりでは、多くの他の ラットや動物たちと食べ物の獲得競争になる。もレ全部が食べ物の最も多い地点 に行けば、それぞれがわずかな分け前しか得られないだろう。時に次善の区画を 選ぶような突然変異的な生物は、競争に直面することが少なく、より多くの食べ 物を得て、その結果自然海汰に妊まれる [自然淘汰によって生き残る見込みが増 える]だろう。ゆえに、 ラットが頼っていると思われる戦略は、競争の多い環境 でうまく機能するものであって、個体が周囲から孤立された状態に置かれる、実 験を行う環境にはうまく適合しないということなのだ。 の アリの話とラットの話には共通点がある。行動を理解するためには、脳や知 性を調べるだけではなく、物理的、社会的環境の構造も調べる必要があるのだ。 1~3例示 0複雑な道を進むアリ 脳の働きではなく、置かれて いる環境が複雑な行動を取ら せている >複雑な行動が複雑な知性によ る戦略を意味しているわけで はない 2T型迷路のラット 彼らの選択は「最大化」の原 則から外れ、「確確率マッチング」 へと収束する 3 ラットを取り巻く自然環 境 彼らはより生き残れる選択を しているだけだ >実験室の状況だけでは、 生物 の複雑な行動の理由を説明で きない n.e -ban b ④ 結論 2つの話の共通点 >行動を理解するためには、 脳 だけでなく、物理的、 社会的 環境の構造も調べる必要があ る 百字要約 oooa pd 1コ 生物の複雑な行動の理由を、 その脳の働きだけに求めるのは不十分だ。 行動の決定には、 生物が置かれた物理的、社 会的環境も影響している。 よって、実験室の環境の中で生物の本当の行動原理を理解できるとは限らない。 (100字) It is not enough to look for the reasons for an organism's behavior in the workings of its brain. The physical and social environments in which it is placed also influence its behavioral decisions. Thatis why it is difficult to understand true behavioral principles of organisms in a laboratory environment. (51 words)

次の空欄に当てはまる単語を教えてください。 1. One way ( ) deforestation causes harm is by causing extinctions. (a)through what (b)by through (c)in which (d... Read More

訳してほしいです。 中３です

Q. Tina は3人に何を見せましたか。 Tina: This is an article I found. It's about companies that have started to reduce plastic waste. A major coffee shop chain has replaced plastic straws with paper straws. Kota: Yes. I've heard about that. Hajin: We should make an effort to reduce plastic waste. Iagree. I always go shopping with a canvas bag. Eri Tina: I think we can ask stores to change their bags to paper bags. Kota If we stop using plastic bags and containers, we'll use things which are made from natural materials like cotton or wood. I think that's cool. Tna Reducing plastic waste is a creative challenge as well as an environmental one. かんきょう あなたなら,環境を守るためにどんなことが提案できるでしょうか。 Think