-
ใใฌใผใบ่จณ
:ๅ่จญๅใฎๆ นๆ ใจใชใ็ฎๆ
/ but are they having fun?
ใใใใใฎๅ็ฉใใกใฏๆฅฝใใใงใใใฎใ ใใใใ
1
We all have seen animals playing,
sโฌ
็งใใกใฏ็,ๅ็ฉใใกใ้ใใงใใใฎใ่ฆใใใจใใใ
most scientists believed /ใthat only humans can have fun. //
ใปใจใใฉใฎ็งๅญฆ่
ใไฟกใใฆใใ
่ฆ
In the past,
้ๅปใซใใใฆใฏใฐ
ไบบ้ใ ใใๆฅฝใใใใจใใงใใใจใ
h
But today, / those beliefs are changing. //
ใใใไปๆฅใงใฏ
F
ใใใใ่ใใฏๅคใใใใจใใฆใใใ
ไธ
More and more scientists are studying animal emotions. //
ใพใใพใๅคใใฎ็งๅญฆ่
ใๅ็ฉใฎๆๆ
ใ็ ็ฉถใใฆใใใ
And their findings might surprise you. /
ใใใฆๅฝผใใฎ็บ่ฆใซใใชใใฏ้ฉใใใใใใชใใ
2(For example, /(1) scientists have performed experiments /
ไพใใฐ
็งๅญฆ่
ใฏใใพใใพใชๅฎ้จใใใใชใฃใ
that show that some animals laugh./ They have learned
ใไธญใซใฏ็ฌใๅ็ฉใใใใใจใ็คบใใ
that some animals, especially chimpanzees, dogs, and rats?laugh. //
ๅ็ฉ,็นใซใใณใใณใธใผ,็ฌ,ใใบใใ็ฌใใใจใใ
Their laughs might not sound like human laughter,
ใใฎๅ็ฉใใกใฎ็ฌใๅฃฐใฏไบบ้ใฎ็ฌใๅฃฐใฎใใใซใฏ่ใใใชใใใใใใชใ
ๅฝผใใฏ็ฅใฃใ
/ but they are laughing. //
ใใใๅฝผใใฏ็ฌใฃใฆใใใฎใ ใ
3 Chimpanzees and dogs often show happiness. //
ใใณใใณใธใผใจ็ฌใฏๅใใงใใใใจใใใฐใใฐ่ฆใใใ
Sometimes they may even look like they are laughing. // We know
ๆใซใฏ็ฌใฃใฆใใใใใซ่ฆใใใใจใใใใใใใใใชใใ
็งใใกใฏใใใฃใฆใใ
|that there are many similarities between humans and chimpanzees.| //
ไบบ้ใจใใณใใณใธใผใซใฏๅคใใฎๅ
ฑ้็นใใใใใจใใ
And (2) anyone who has a dog knows //that dogs are very happy when they are
ใใใซ็ฌใ้ฃผใฃใฆใใไบบใชใ่ชฐใงใ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
็ฌใฏ้ใใงใใๆ,ใจใฆใๅใใงใใใใจใใ
playing, // However, / do rats laugh? // Have you ever played with rats? //
ใใชใใฏใใบใใจ้ใใ ใใจใฏใใใพใใใ
ใใใใชใใ
ใใบใใฏ็ฌใใฎใใ
/ Scientists/at a university in Ohio/did. //
ใชใใคใชใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎ็งๅญฆ่
ใใใใใใใฎใ ใ
4
Have you ever tickled them?
ใใชใใฏใใบใใใใใใฃใใใจใฏใใใพใใใ
What happened? // The rats laughed! //
ไฝใ่ตทใใใ ใใใ
And (3) the rats laughed /Konly when their favorite person tickled them.>//
ใใใซ,ใใบใใฏ็ฌใฃใใฎใ ใฃใ
ใใบใใ็ฌใฃใใฎใ ใ
่ชๅใฎๆฐใซๅ
ฅใฃใฆใใไบบใใใใใฃใใจใใ ใใ
But how do the scientists know /|that the rats were really laughing? //
ใใใ็งๅญฆ่
ใฏใฉใใใฃใฆใใใใฎใ ใใ
5
ใใบใใๆฌๅฝใซ็ฌใฃใฆใใใจใ
They studied their brains. //
ๅฝผใใฏใใบใใฎ่ณใ็ ็ฉถใใใฎใ ใ
(4When humans laugh, / one part of the brain is very active. //
ๅ
ฅใ็ฌใใจ
<When a rat laughs,
ใใบใใ็ฌใใจ
่ณใฎไธ้จใฏ้ๅธธใซๆดป็บใซใชใใ
that same part of its brain is active, too. //
ใใบใใฎ่ณใฎๅใ้จๅใๆดปๆงๅใใฆใใใฎใ ใ
And scientists have found another interesting similarity /
ใใใฆ็งๅญฆ่
ใฏ่ๅณๆทฑใ้กไผผ็นใใใ1ใค็บ่ฆใใ
between humans and rats.) // Rats like to be with the rats] /
ไบบใจใใบใใฎใ
in their group/ /(that laugh the most. // It seems that fun-loving rats are popular. //
้ๅฃใฎไธญใง
ใใบใใฏใใบใใจไธ็ทใซใใใฎใๅฅฝใใฎใ
ๆฅฝใใใใจใๅฅฝใใชใใบใใฏไบบๆฐใใใใใใ ใ
1/
ใ ใใฉ,ใใใชใใจใๆฌๅฝใซๅคงไบใชใฎใงใใใใจใ
ๆใ็ฌใใ
You might say
ใใชใใฏ่จใใใใใใชใ
/"That's interesting, / but is it really important?"
ใใใใใใ
7
(5In fact, / these kinds of experiments are teaching scientists /
ๅฎ้
theseยฎE
ใใใใๅฎ้จใฏ็งๅญฆ่
ใซๆใใฆใใ
a lot about the parts of the human brain
ไบบ้ใฎ่ณใฎ้จๅใซใคใใฆๅคใใฎใใจใ
They hope tosomeday lind out /Lhow to help unhappy people feel happier. |/
ๅฝผใใฏใใคใ่ฆใคใใใใจๆใใงใใ
And that's nothing to laugh at. /
thaf control emotions. //
ๆๆ
ใๅถๅพกใใใ
ไธๅนธใชไบบใ
ใๅนธใใๆใใใฎใซๅฝน็ซใคๆนๆณใใ