英語の単語のいい覚え方あればお願いします🙏 ちなみに皆さんテストで最高何位とりましたか？

lにh ABC le from Amer ica A me Comes in this wDr ld He Spe cuture He Danese lot of

こちらの英文の日本語訳教えてください。

Endangered Animals in the World Let us give you one example from the Red List. It is the crested ibis, or toki in Japanese. Up until the Meiji era, we could see many ibises around this country. However, the population of ibises in Japan rapidly decreased. People hunted them for their beautiful feathers, and development destroyed their environment. It was difficult for them to survive. In 1981, five ibises were captured on Sado Island 10 for breeding. People tried to help them live safely, but they died one by one. The last one died in 2003. However, we still had some Chinese-born ibises on the island. They were a gift from the Chinese government in the 1990s. Since then, people have been breeding these ibises. We have lost all of the original Japanese ibises, but someday ibises may fly 15 over Japan like before.. [142 words]

ある長文の日本語訳です。波線部で言ってる意味が分かりません💦どういうことでしょうか...！

段落展開 全文 訳 0 砂浜の上を、1匹のアリが、あちこちと曲がりくねった道筋をたどりながら せかせかと進んでいる。アリは右に曲がり、左に曲がり、後退し、それから立ち 止まり、再び前へ向かって進む。アリが選んだ道筋の複雑さを、私たちはどのよ うに説明できるだろうか。アリの脳の中に、その複雑な行動を説明するかもしれ ない精巧なプログラムがあるのだと思いつくかもしれないが、それではうまく説 明できないとわかるだろう。アリの脳についてあれこれ思いを巡らせる努力の中 で私たちが見過ごしているのは、アリの置かれた環境である。風と波によって形 作られた砂浜の構造、つまり小さな山や谷、そして障害物がアリの道筋を形成し ているのだ。アリの行動の見かけの複雑さは、 アリの頭脳というよりも、その置 かれた環境の複雑さを反映しているのだ。このアリは、次のような単純なルール に従っているだけかもしれない。「砂山や棒切れのような障害物を登ってエネル ギーを浪費することなく、日差しから逃れ、できるだけ早く巣まで戻ること」 複雑な行動をしているからといって、複雑で知的な戦略を意味しているわけでは ないのだ。 2 心理学者がT型迷路と呼んでいる模型の中を、ただ1匹の空腹状態のラッ トが駆け巡っている。ラットは左右のどちらにも曲がることができる。もし左に 曲がれば、10回のうち8回食べ物が見つかる。もし右に曲がれば、10回のうち 2回しか食べ物は入っていない。発見する食べ物の量が少ないため、ラットは迷 路を何度も繰り返し駆け抜ける。様々な条件の下で実験してみたところ、どのラッ トもだいたい左に曲がるという結果になり、これは予想通りとも言える。だが時 には、悪い方の選択肢であるにもかかわらず右に曲がることもあり、このことは 幾多の研究者を悩ませる。「最大化」 と呼ばれる論理原則に従うなら、ラットは 常に左に曲がるはずである。そうすれば 80パーセントの確率で食べ物が期待で きるからだ。時に、 ラットは約80% の場合しか左に曲がらず、20% の場合は右 に曲がることがある。そこで、このような行動は、80% 対 20%という確率を反 映していることから、「確率マッチング [確率対応]」と呼ばれる。しかし、結果 として(得られる)食べ物の量は減ってしまい、期待値(ラットの行動で得られ ると予想される食べ物の収支を平均した数値)は68%にしかならない。このラッ トの行動は不合理に思われる。進化の過程で、このかわいそうな動物は脳を誤っ た造りにされたのだろうか。それとも単にラットは愚かなだけなのだろうか? 3 ラットの行動は、その小さな脳の中をのぞき込むのではなく、その自然環境 を調べればすぐに理解できる。自然の条件の下でのエサあさりでは、多くの他の ラットや動物たちと食べ物の獲得競争になる。もレ全部が食べ物の最も多い地点 に行けば、それぞれがわずかな分け前しか得られないだろう。時に次善の区画を 選ぶような突然変異的な生物は、競争に直面することが少なく、より多くの食べ 物を得て、その結果自然海汰に妊まれる [自然淘汰によって生き残る見込みが増 える]だろう。ゆえに、 ラットが頼っていると思われる戦略は、競争の多い環境 でうまく機能するものであって、個体が周囲から孤立された状態に置かれる、実 験を行う環境にはうまく適合しないということなのだ。 の アリの話とラットの話には共通点がある。行動を理解するためには、脳や知 性を調べるだけではなく、物理的、社会的環境の構造も調べる必要があるのだ。 1~3例示 0複雑な道を進むアリ 脳の働きではなく、置かれて いる環境が複雑な行動を取ら せている >複雑な行動が複雑な知性によ る戦略を意味しているわけで はない 2T型迷路のラット 彼らの選択は「最大化」の原 則から外れ、「確確率マッチング」 へと収束する 3 ラットを取り巻く自然環 境 彼らはより生き残れる選択を しているだけだ >実験室の状況だけでは、 生物 の複雑な行動の理由を説明で きない n.e -ban b ④ 結論 2つの話の共通点 >行動を理解するためには、 脳 だけでなく、物理的、 社会的 環境の構造も調べる必要があ る 百字要約 oooa pd 1コ 生物の複雑な行動の理由を、 その脳の働きだけに求めるのは不十分だ。 行動の決定には、 生物が置かれた物理的、社 会的環境も影響している。 よって、実験室の環境の中で生物の本当の行動原理を理解できるとは限らない。 (100字) It is not enough to look for the reasons for an organism's behavior in the workings of its brain. The physical and social environments in which it is placed also influence its behavioral decisions. Thatis why it is difficult to understand true behavioral principles of organisms in a laboratory environment. (51 words)

見辛かったらすみませんが、問2の英作文の添削をしていただきたいです🤲

2015年度 英語 13 They should not have to lose their livelihoods. Secondlv. although I agree 次の英文は、英語のディベートの授業での対話です。この対話を読み,下の問い に答えなさい。 with Keiko that climate change is a serious problem, I think air travel is a much less damaging source of carbon pollution than, for example, burnimg MR. ROBERTS: Good morning, everybody. Today we have the first of our Coal. We should address these more serious causes first. Finally, the most student debates. The topic this morning is air travel, and the argument is. 法 important reason is the issue of freedom. People in a democracy expect the “Domestic air travel in Japan should be discouraged." Keiko will first argue right to travel as they wish. It has made our lives more convenient and in favor of the proposal and Junko will speak against. Over to you, Keiko. created more opportunities for everyone. We should not reduce our quality of life. Thank you for listening. KEIKO: Good morning, everybody. I am going to speak today in favor of the proposal. Limitless air travel inside Japan is a luxury that we can no longer MR. ROBERTS: Thank you to our two speakers. Now, are there any afford. The main reason is that it is extremely damaging to the questions from the audience? environment. The carbon gases produced by aircraft are very high and are a 頭人 proven cause of global warming. Therefore, we should try and reduce air 問1 次の(1)~(5)の文について, 本文の内容と一致するものには○.一致しないも travel as much as possible to protect the environment, not only for Japan but のには×を,それぞれ解答欄に記入しなさい。 also for the whole world. Secondly, air travel is actually unnecessary within the four islands of Japan. Now, while I appreciate that travel to Okinawa is (1) Keiko's main reason for opposing domestic air travel is the damage it a different case, there are efficient train services throughout Japan that are causes to the environment. h fast and environmentally friendly. These make an excellent alternative to air (2) Keiko thinks that air travel is cheap and efficient. flights, so there is really no need to use airplanes in most cases. Finally, (3) Keiko recommends that people travel between Okinawa and mainland there is an economic reason. Air travel is expensive for passengers because Japan by ship. the price of fuel keeps increasing, but airline companies are still struggling (4) Junko thinks that climate change is not an important problem. to make profits. Moreover, regional airports often cannot attract enough (5) Junko thinks that a lot of jobs will be lost if air travel is reduced. customers, and, overall, the industry is not cost-effective, It's time to admit that air travel is too damaging and expensive to be sustainable. Thank you. 問2 次の質問に英語で答えなさい。 Which of the two speakers do you more agree with? Give at least one JUNKO: Thank you, Keiko. I am going to disagree with the proposal for three reason for your answer. (解答欄:13.8cm×4行) reasons. Firstly, I think there is a strong economic case to support flying. Many jobs depend on air travel, not just the pilots and cabin staff, but also people who work in airports or for airlines, or who rely on fast transport.

見辛かったらすみませんが、問2の英作文の添削をしていただきたいです🤲

2015年度 英語 13 They should not have to lose their livelihoods. Secondlv. although I agree 次の英文は、英語のディベートの授業での対話です。この対話を読み,下の問い に答えなさい。 with Keiko that climate change is a serious problem, I think air travel is a much less damaging source of carbon pollution than, for example, burnimg MR. ROBERTS: Good morning, everybody. Today we have the first of our Coal. We should address these more serious causes first. Finally, the most student debates. The topic this morning is air travel, and the argument is. 法 important reason is the issue of freedom. People in a democracy expect the “Domestic air travel in Japan should be discouraged." Keiko will first argue right to travel as they wish. It has made our lives more convenient and in favor of the proposal and Junko will speak against. Over to you, Keiko. created more opportunities for everyone. We should not reduce our quality of life. Thank you for listening. KEIKO: Good morning, everybody. I am going to speak today in favor of the proposal. Limitless air travel inside Japan is a luxury that we can no longer MR. ROBERTS: Thank you to our two speakers. Now, are there any afford. The main reason is that it is extremely damaging to the questions from the audience? environment. The carbon gases produced by aircraft are very high and are a 頭人 proven cause of global warming. Therefore, we should try and reduce air 問1 次の(1)~(5)の文について, 本文の内容と一致するものには○.一致しないも travel as much as possible to protect the environment, not only for Japan but のには×を,それぞれ解答欄に記入しなさい。 also for the whole world. Secondly, air travel is actually unnecessary within the four islands of Japan. Now, while I appreciate that travel to Okinawa is (1) Keiko's main reason for opposing domestic air travel is the damage it a different case, there are efficient train services throughout Japan that are causes to the environment. h fast and environmentally friendly. These make an excellent alternative to air (2) Keiko thinks that air travel is cheap and efficient. flights, so there is really no need to use airplanes in most cases. Finally, (3) Keiko recommends that people travel between Okinawa and mainland there is an economic reason. Air travel is expensive for passengers because Japan by ship. the price of fuel keeps increasing, but airline companies are still struggling (4) Junko thinks that climate change is not an important problem. to make profits. Moreover, regional airports often cannot attract enough (5) Junko thinks that a lot of jobs will be lost if air travel is reduced. customers, and, overall, the industry is not cost-effective, It's time to admit that air travel is too damaging and expensive to be sustainable. Thank you. 問2 次の質問に英語で答えなさい。 Which of the two speakers do you more agree with? Give at least one JUNKO: Thank you, Keiko. I am going to disagree with the proposal for three reason for your answer. (解答欄:13.8cm×4行) reasons. Firstly, I think there is a strong economic case to support flying. Many jobs depend on air travel, not just the pilots and cabin staff, but also people who work in airports or for airlines, or who rely on fast transport.

1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12番の問題の解説お願いします。 答えはそれぞれ 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 です。 一つでもいいのでお願いします

【1】次の( )内に入るのに最も適当なものを一つ選び、番号で答えよ。 (1) We could meet downtown. ( O Are you convenient (② Is it convenient of you 3 Will that be convenient for you ④ Will you be convenient (2) The chimpanzee is an intelligent creature, ( ) of solving simple problems. 0 able 2 enable ③ capable ④ possible (3) You've got J on your tie. Did you have fried eggs for breakfast? 0a few eggs (2) an egg 3 some egg ④ some eggs (4) Slow downa bit. Otherwise, you'll have to pay a huge ( ) for speeding. の admission ② charge ③ fine ④ tuition (5) My mother is a ( ). Her work is filling, cleaning, and pulling out teeth. 1 chemist ② dentist ③ nurse ) surgeon (6) A: I'm thirsty. Is there anything to drink? B: Well, there is ( )apple juice in the refrigerator. 0a few 2 a few of ③ alittle ④ a little of (7) He was ( ) hit by the car while crossing the street. 0 closely 2 hardly ③ nearly scarcely (8) It's too late to go out now. ), it's starting to rain. の All the same ② At least ③ Besides ④ Therefore (9) It will be ( ) autumn when you get to London. の late の lately ③ last ④1latest (10) The discussion the villagers had on the environment was quite ( 0 alive ② lived ③ lively ④ living (11) For ( ) information, call us at the number below. 0 few 2 further ③ many ④ several (12) A: Is your CD player anything like sister's? your B: Yes, they're exactly ( 0 alike 2 like ③ likely ④ same

赤線を引いてるところでなんで答えがmeansになるのか教えて欲しいです。 お願いします🙇‍♂️

range of tools we use is amazingly wide.(1)Tool use was once thought to be one of the features that set humans apart from other animals. To be sure, humans have developed and used mechanical, electric and electronic tools for multiple purposes.(2)In no other animals can we see such sophisticatedand elaborate use of tools. To us humans tools are an important (b)(1.meaning 2.means) to control and manipulate our physical environment. (C)(1.During_ 2.While ) the development of civilization, humans'use of tools has improved and diversified. We humans not only use tools but make and develop a variety of new ones for different purposes. We can(d)(1.even 2.ever ) use tools to make other specific tools. In addition, the use and making of tools is handed down from generation to generation. Tool use by humans is not genetically transmitted by DNA (e)(1.and 2.but)

次の空欄に当てはまる単語を教えてください。 1. One way ( ) deforestation causes harm is by causing extinctions. (a)through what (b)by through (c)in which (d... Read More

上から順にD.B.Aであってますか？

Reading Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from each group below. Since 1987, Claudia Zimmer has spearheaded recycling efforts in her small town. As the town includes fewer than 10,000 ( 1 ) community activities are typically driven by such grassroots efforts. Ms. Zimmer turned her attention to the environment after watching a documentary on landfills in the mid-1980s. From the outset., she was committed to the task, and her enthusiasm attracted several friends to the cause. They _2) recycling centers throughout the town for common items like plastic bottles and newspapers. Later, their scope expanded to include furniture, appliances, and other household items. Many electrical goods are repaired and redistributed, (_3__ articles of clothing are given to local charities. Items which can't be reused are recycled. 1.( )(A) residential (C) residing (B) residentially (D) residents 2.( )(A) brought up (C) rose up (B) set up (D) caught up 3.( )(A) while (C) since (B) for (D) after

長文の下の9番の答えを教えください

measures to encourage tap water use. In Britain, bottles restrict the consumption of bottled water. In the United States, the Conference of Mayors in 2008 voted to take of water are no longer served at government meetings. 4 Around the world, many countries have started to VBWB restrict [ristrikt] consumption [kansámpJen] conference [ká:nfarans] mayor(s) [méior(z)] measure(s) [mézar(z)] 1-サムフェーし コv15しス government 5 [gávarnmont] Clearly, the movement against bottled water is growing. significant significant [signífikant] カンサプンョン B while the consumption of bottled water is a environmental concern in the developed world, the lack of concern [kansá:rn] clean drinking water is a major health problem in the developing world. developingldivelopig) The World Health Organization has 10 billion [biljan] found that over one billion people, mainly in poorer whatsoever [wAtsouévar] supplies [saplaiz] <supply portion [p5:r an] Countries, have no access to safe water whatsoever. 6 In order to improve world water supplies, some companies in the U.S. have started donating a portion of donation(s) [dounéijon(2)) sales from bottled water. Donations and lifestyle changes 15 will not immediately solve these global problems, but they direction [darékfan] are a small step in the right direction. Remember this the next time you think about buying a bottle of water. 9. in the developing worldと対比されている表現を抜き出しなさい。 3. the Conference of Mayors (全米)市長会 3. take measures 対策を講じる 10. the World Health Organization 世界保健機関 (WHO) 12. no access to safe water whatsoever = no access to safe water at all