生物の食物連鎖とかの問題だと思うんですけど誰かわかる方いますか？？？ 英語すみません💦

hhmi Biolnteractive Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species Mean Leaf Area per Plant Over 18 Months without beetle with beetle Leaf Area per Plant (cm²) Control Ecology 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Experimental 0 T 2 www.BioInteractive.org 8 10 12 14 16 Months After Start of Experiment 4 6 Refer to the figure to answer questions 12 through 17. 12. For both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots, state the mean tree leaf area per plot that the scientists recorded after running the experiment for 18 months. The mean tree leaf area per plot that the Scientist recorded after running the experiment for 18 months wit the beetles added is 1.7m², S 2.2m² 13. Compare the trends in mean tree leaf area per plot for both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots over the 18 months of the experiment. The area of the control plat for thinoceros beetles has d has increased at a nearly constant rate, the other is a gradua decrease at first, then a sudden decrease, and finally a dradua 18 Figure 2. Mean leaf area per tree. Initial measurements were taken before (0 to 2 months) and after (7 to 18 months) beetles were added to 40 of 80 plants. The light gray round markers represent measurements taken of the control plots, to which beetles were not added. The black square markers represent measurements taken of the experimental plots, to which beetles were added. Measurements were made on all leaves to calculate the mean leaf area per plant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 14. Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include increase. interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants. Revised January 2018 Page 4 of 5

問5で(3)の訳が問われているのですが なぜafter等もないのに4時間"後"と訳せるのですか？

試験本番でのこの本での 目標時間 目標時間 Lesson 4 103 次の英文を読んで、後の問1~5の設問に答えなさい(固有名詞はそのまま使用し てよい)｡ 5 15 分 分 22 分 ◆解答・解説本冊 p.6 Here's a possible strategy to boost" memory-exercise four hours after you learn something. In a study published in the July 11, 2016, Current Biology, researchers found that exercise after learning may improve your memory of the new information, but only if done in a specific time window *2. (In the study, 72 participants learned 90 picture-location associations mentally linking an image with new information in order to improve recall over a 40-minute period. They were then randomly assigned to one of (1) three groups: one group exercised immediately, the second exercised four hours later, and the third did not exercise. The exercise routine consisted of 35 minutes of interval 10/training on a fitness bike at an intensity of up to 80% of maximum heart rate. After 48 hours, the participants' memory was tested while their brains were scanned*4 via MRI*5. Those who exercised four hours after the learning session retained*6 information better than the other two groups. The MRI also showed the hippocampus, the brain region involved with learning and memory, - that (2) 15 was more active when information was recalled correctly. Newly learned information turns into long-term knowledge through a process that requires certain brain chemicals that are released during exercise, but more research is needed to understand (3) this phenomenon. (4) It is also not clear why four hours was more beneficial, or if another time frame might produce a similar 20 effect.

二つ目にその大学は駅から近く、立地が良いからです。今通っている高校は駅から遠いのでそれは魅力的な要素です。 的なことを英語で言いたいのですが Second, that university is near the station and good location. T... Read More

マーカー部分でwork を必要があれば書き換えなさい。という問題で 正解の答えは書き換えず、そのままwork でした。 なぜ書き換えないのでしょうか？ 教えて下さい！

volunteer.1.0 word met bewone shenobasqo give w poblids die moon viegl Bailey's successor, Annie, is Japan's first female facility dog. She watched Bailey (work) and learned many things. Now she is actively working as a facility dog. She also seems to (making / happy / enjoy / people / feel ). istiqeor air

至急🚨 生物の質問です。 このモデルの仕組みを教えてください。 なぜ、低レベルのuqプール還元で代替経路とシトクロム経路が活性化されるのでしょうか？

(B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) Alt Alternative oxidase inactive UQ pool Cyt Alt Alternative oxidase active UQ pool Cyt

至急🚨 この仕組みについて教えてください。 また、この電子オーバーフローモデルは時代遅れと思われるって書いているのですが、本当ですか？

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Cyt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Alternative pathway active Alt Cyt Cytochrome pathway saturated

至急お願いいたします🚨 生物の質問です。 ミトコンドリアの経路についての説明だと思うのですが、電子オーバーフローモデルと電子分布モデルの違いを教えていただきたいです。 また、どういう仕組みなのか、何故このように電子が流れるのかも教えていただきたいです。 UQ poolはユ... Read More

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Alternative oxidase inactive. Alt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Cyt (B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) UQ pool Cyt Alternative pathway active Cytochrome pathway saturated Alt Alternative oxidase active Alt UQ pool Cyt Cyt Figure 14.33 Two models for regulation of electron flow through the alternative oxidase. (A) In the electron overflow model, no appreciable electron transfer through the alternative pathway takes place until electron flow through the cytochrome pathway is at or near satu- ration. This could result from the effects of respirato- ry control, if the rate of mitochondrial ATP produc- tion exceeds its rate of utilization in the cytosol, or from some externally imposed stress, such as low temperature. Under such circumstances, the UQ pool becomes sufficiently reduced to allow electrons to flow through the alternative oxidase, the latter re- quiring that the UQ pool be 40% to 60% reduced to attain significant activity. (B) In the electron distribu- tion model, the alternative and cytochrome path- ways both show significant activity at low levels of UQ pool reduction, and electrons are distributed be- tween the two pathways on the basis of the relative activities of each pathway. The activity of the alter- native oxidase under these circumstances is thought to be regulated by the action of a-keto acids and by reduction/oxidation of the intermolecular disulfide bond, as well as by additional regulatory mecha- nisms not yet characterized.

5行目のnot in useという表現についてお聞きしたいのですが、これは主語、動詞が省略されている形と考えればいいのでしょうか？それともひとつの慣用表現と捉えれば良いですか？

Seattle is an environmentally friendly city whose residents are known for their active lifestyles and love of the outdoors. It was therefore surprising to many when Pronto Cycle Share, Seattle's first bike-sharing service, ended in failure. Designed around docking stations that allowed bikes to be stored when not in use, Pronto was initially provided by a nonprofit company with help from a corporate sponsor. The public's underwhelming response, however, led to the city stepping in to purchase the service. After continued unsatisfactory results, the city announced an enlargement of the service's network to encourage usage but failed to expand it significantly. Finally, following years of criticism and financia ott 20 doned in 2017 rol di

（2）は、なぜGood manyの前にAが必要なんですか？

14 LOOD 1 II. 次の各英文で間違っている箇所を、 それぞれ1から4の中から1つ選び、その番号 をマークしなさい。 12 ~ & The company has handed over the business to a completely new management 2 1 group to meet with competing global challenges that lie ahead. 4 3 2. Good many people who attended the luncheon meeting yesterday 1 the idea that the president brought up. L 4 bladdin A Ludo Joaqu 推薦 12 were against 2 3 3. Any of the jobs listed in the classified section of today's paper were even (1930 2 3 remotely attractive to me. 4 13 14

2つ質問があります。 一つ目のマーカーのところの「to be」、これはSVOCを振るとすればO(目的語)でしょうか。 二つ目のマーカーの分構造はどうなっているのでしょうか。where以下で動詞が見つけられず、意味がとれません。

Type 8 意図問題 Exercise 19 The author mentions "a cellphone call" in order to ni ed nsp pniwaliofanit toallanitý A compare how different ways of receiving information affects memory emsp erit vert A ® emphasize the importance of repetition to absorb information on ob on ob veriT (8 O demonstrate ways to counteract retroactive inhibition work so ton ob O show how new information can hinder the retention of previously learned TO information € it vit vedT 0. vedtok れ れ to that can changed copia Tvo There are a number of events that can cause humans to forget information they have already learned and stored in their memory. One cause is believed to be a type of interference phenomenon known as retroactive inhibition, where a sudden influx of new information blocks the retention of older learned material. A driver might hear a phone number on the radio that he wants to call, so he repeats it out loud until he can recite it from memory. Then, the driver receives a cellphone call from his manager. In the time it takes the driver to absorb the information from his manager, he has forgotten the number he repeated just a few seconds before. Vildo L