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Biology Undergraduate

至急お願いいたします🚨 生物の質問です。 ミトコンドリアの経路についての説明だと思うのですが、電子オーバーフローモデルと電子分布モデルの違いを教えていただきたいです。 また、どういう仕組みなのか、何故このように電子が流れるのかも教えていただきたいです。 UQ poolはユ... Read More

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Alternative oxidase inactive. Alt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Cyt (B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) UQ pool Cyt Alternative pathway active Cytochrome pathway saturated Alt Alternative oxidase active Alt UQ pool Cyt Cyt Figure 14.33 Two models for regulation of electron flow through the alternative oxidase. (A) In the electron overflow model, no appreciable electron transfer through the alternative pathway takes place until electron flow through the cytochrome pathway is at or near satu- ration. This could result from the effects of respirato- ry control, if the rate of mitochondrial ATP produc- tion exceeds its rate of utilization in the cytosol, or from some externally imposed stress, such as low temperature. Under such circumstances, the UQ pool becomes sufficiently reduced to allow electrons to flow through the alternative oxidase, the latter re- quiring that the UQ pool be 40% to 60% reduced to attain significant activity. (B) In the electron distribu- tion model, the alternative and cytochrome path- ways both show significant activity at low levels of UQ pool reduction, and electrons are distributed be- tween the two pathways on the basis of the relative activities of each pathway. The activity of the alter- native oxidase under these circumstances is thought to be regulated by the action of a-keto acids and by reduction/oxidation of the intermolecular disulfide bond, as well as by additional regulatory mecha- nisms not yet characterized.

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English Senior High

教えて下さると嬉しいです( •̥-•̥ )

A. Circle the correct answer for each question. likely to be jealous of someone. 1. You are more 2. Which do many people decorate at Christmas time? 3. Which are people more accustomed to? a. rich a. a feast b. a tree a. spending money b. receiving awards a. an empire b. a rifle a. an insect b. water a. help it b. ruin it 6. What would profit do for a business? a. excited b. confused 7. Which would people rather be? a. a contract b. a feast 8. Which would you invite friends to share with you? a. a recruit b. a contract 9. Which would you sign? a. being punished b. getting a reward 10. Which would few people enjoy? B. Complete the paragraph with items from the box. Two items are extra. Which of these is a weapon? 4. 5. Which of these flows? discovered resembled establishing rights faced status by Roy's s grief the rest of Many people change countries during their life, but one man has (1) (2) son and (10) heir took over This surprised people in the UK, who believed they had the (5) . Bates and (6) to leave the platform. However, Roy (8). in the sea to contain (3) that would be used to fight off invaders. After the war, the soldiers left these platforms and they were forgotten - until 1967. In that year, a British man, Roy Bates, one of the platforms and announced he had started his own country, (4) called Sealand. b. poor himself by his own country. During World War II, the UK built a number of artificial platforms made a name for weapons the people on the island (his family), (7) In 1968, a court decided that the UK had no power over Sealand. Just like other places with the that the platform was in international waters. to the platform. orders of a country, Sealand, has its own stamps, coins, and passports. It is controlled 'Prince' Michael, and is home to a large Internet business. 11 15 69

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