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**
sedative v
ดดโด
- SIVNATH BDZ
•n.infun
เดจดมาก
เมเ
antidepressant
anxiolytic
antidepressant
. กษา
Lenker's +4₁
--123
4 + GABAT 2-drug
serotonin & norepi
orexin
pim
Non-Selective
Benzodiazepine GABA-A
PAMS
Selective and Non-Selective drug
Non-Benzodiazepine GABA-
802
alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, estazolam, flurazepam, lorazepam
lormetazepam quazepam, temazepam, triazolam
BD2
Ho4v : คาง งว
and muscle m
พท.ón : Nov
DROWSINESS
Causes daytime
sedation and
impairing alertness
IMPAIRED MOTOR COORDINATION
Can lead to cognitive
difficulty thinking
CONFUSION ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
May cause difficulty
medication
TOLERANCE & DEPENDENCE
A PAMS
zolpidem zaleplon, zopiclone, eszopiclone
• leptin :n.o
Affects balance and physical
control, increasing the risk of falls
Chronic use can lead to
adaptation, requiring higher
doses for the same effect, and
2.4040
cycle
@shrelin n.
Dual Orexin Receptor
Tita
Antagonists (DORAs)
suvorexant, lemborexant, daridorexant
14 gut
nouum cycle vs HEM
ว า ม
ultradan
sleep cycle
Processes Regulating Sleep
Histamine H1 Antagonismo.com
diphenhydramine
Serotonin (SHT) Receptor
Antagonism
trazodone (at low doses), mirtazapine. quetiapine (at sedative hypnotic doses)
Melatonergic Agents
melatonin, ramelteon, tasimelteon, agomelatine
-stage 1-2 win Jan
ex.
GABA
404044ฝาก
•Stage 7-4 deep sleep Janv
Suggested criteria for defining insomnia:
Average sleep latency > 30 min
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) > 30 min
Sleep efficiency < 85%
Total sleep time < 6.5 hours
STOVISIONS
JHAO 4 ทางกล
642A : เJดอง cl Ally cr cell
มาก! hyper 900 CN - 3 0 19 งบ
325 : 444 ค. งงก.ดวง cf
barbiturate Javascr
F.ค ถ.นางง
Drugs/substances that could cause sleep
disorders
Caffeine (mostly from coffee)
Alpha adrenergic agonist e.g pseudoephedrine
Psychostimulant e.g., amphetamine
Alcohol beverage
IMAN THE AN
Illicit drugs
These effects can significantly impact daily functioning and safety.
reverse BDZ flumazeni
recept. GABAA
hon BD2 2 drug +1444044%
02-binding U4 GABA +nn CNS (hypnosis)
Z-DRUGS: MECHANISM, EFFECTS, & L
& LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS
PRIMARY EFFECTS
effects due to a se
MECHANISM OF ACTION
SECONDARY EFFECTS
LONG-TERM USE & ADAPTATION
ระดังปา : -
Trazodone 5 HT: H₁ antagonist and
resul
y
serotonin
norepinephrine
histamine
Brain HIR occupancy (BrHIRO)
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine
met
temazepam
Non-GABA PAN
Lo Judonim J
melatonin recept. <ramelteon
tasimelteon
- : oral Kn
Loww melatonin t
:(Sylvun.404ESSE
2
8-12
Hydroxylated
16-40
Medum (24)
20-40
60
Long24
cordiazepoxide
Desmethyl
Pu
1
Long
Concep
50
Long
Anxiolytic hypnotic
Morpheniramin (2)
→orexin recept. suvorexant.
* Chloral hydrate : 14 6 ท่าน
High brain HIRO
Tsomnolence anxiety.
cognitive functions, appe
เสมอ + ค.จ่า
hydroxyzine NNNNING
1 มาค
fexofenadine ISO
+ ไม่ใ
loratadine
Cetirizine
เวอ