ページ1:

Unit 2 <Starting Out>
I have lived in Japan for a month.
(わたしは1か月ずっと日本に住んでいます)
He has lived in Japan for a month.
(彼は1か月ずっと日本に住んでいます)
「ずっと・・・・している」は「have (has〕+過去分詞」
I
I
live
「have+過去分詞」
in
Japan
I have lived in Japan for a month.
★短縮形江have = Ire
He has
in Japan for a month.
lived in
L主語が三人称単数→「has+過去分詞」
<Dialog>
Hare you known him for eight years ?
(あなたは彼を8年間ずっと知っているのですか)
How long have you known him? -For eight years.
(あなたはどのくらい長く彼を知っているのですか-8年間です)
現在完形の疑問文は「Have+主語+過去分詞…?」
「肯定文
You hare known him for Eight years.
疑問文 Have you
↓文頭にHow long
known him for Eight years?
How long hare you known him?
→答え方 For eight years.

ページ2:

<Read and Think>
The Amazon has been important for many years.
(アマゾン川は何年もの間、重要でありつづけています)
be動詞の過去分詞はbeen
The Amazon
is
important now.
↓ be動詞の過去分詞はbeen.
The Amazo has been important for many years.
[「ずっと・・・である」