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Chemistry Senior High

質問です 1枚目にあるように[H⁺]の濃度を求める時は√cKa となっているのに2枚目の⑶の問題では[H⁺]を求める式がcaなのかわからないので教えてください

3 電離平衡 ① 水のイオン積 KwとpH 一定温度では,水溶液中の水素イオン濃度[H+] と水酸化 物イオン濃度[OH-] の積は,水溶液の性質に関係なく常に一定。 Kw=[H+] [OH-]=1.0×10-14 (mol/L) (25℃) 47 [H+]=b×10-“ [mol/L] のとき, HIPH=-10g10 [H+]=a-10g10 b ② 電離平衡 電解質の電離で生じたイオンと,電離していない電解質との間に成立する 平衡。この反応の平衡定数を電離定数という。 DOTMER ① 〈例〉〔mol/L] の弱酸・弱塩基の電離平衡 さい(大人 CH3COO- + H+ ← NH4+ + OHT COO+H [mol/L] NH3+H2O NH C 電離平衡 CH3COOH はじめ 平衡時 電離定数 電離度と イオン濃度 C c(1-a) Ka= a= aftca [CH3COO-] [H+] [CH3COOH] Ka C =ca [mol/L] = *Kn= ca (mol/L) c(1-a) 8m++Aca 100+ [NH4+][OH-] [NH3] Kb= + [H+]=√cKa〔mol/L] / = = [CH COOH] [OH-] [CH3COO-] a= - Kb [OH-]=√ck, [mol/L] A =ca² (a <1のとき, 1-α=1 とみなせる) ca² 8 *Ka(Kb)= cax ca c(1-a) 1-a ③ 塩の加水分解 弱酸と強塩基または弱塩基と強酸からなる塩の水溶液は,電離で生じ た弱酸のイオンまたは弱塩基のイオンが水と反応 (加水分解)して, それぞれ塩基性また は酸性を示す。 この反応の平衡定数を加水分解定数Khという。 〈例〉 弱酸と強塩基,弱塩基と強酸からなる塩の水溶液 (c 〔mol/L])の加水分解 塩 液性 ) 酢酸ナトリウム CH3COONa (塩基性) 加水分解 CH3COO-+H2O CH3COOH + OH- 加水分解定数 Kn= [CH3COOH] [OH-] Kw² [mol/L] [CH COO-] Ka イオン濃度 [OH-]=√cK〔mol/L] [mol/L] ca [mol/L) =ca²[mol/L) V C " 塩化アンモニウム NH4CI (酸性) NH4+ + H2O NH3+H3O+ Kn= -(mol/L) [NH3] [H+] [NH₂+] Kb [H+]=√cK [mol/L] = Kw [CH3COOH] [OH-]×[H+] [CH3COO-] × [H+] = 1 K. XKw= Kw Ka

Resolved Answers: 2
Chemistry Senior High

読みましたが、全体的に理解出来ません。英語で理解出来なかったので多分、全文和訳しても理解出来ません。 なので、この写真に載っていることを分かりやすく教えていただきたいです🙇🏻‍♀️

Free energy changes determine if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Processes in nature are driven in two directions: toward least MAIN IDEA enthalpy and toward greatest entropy. When these two oppose each other, the dominant factor determines th direction of change. As a way to predict which factor will dominate fora given system, a function has been defined to relate the enthalpy and entropy factors at a given temperature tropy and constant pressure. This combined enthalpy-entropy function is callepd t free energy, G, of the system; it is also called Gibbs free energy. This function simultaneously assesses the tendencies for enthalpy and entropy to change. Natural processes proceed in the direction that lowersthefree energy of a system. Only the change in free energy can be measured. It can be defined in terms of changes in enthalpy and entropy. At a constant pressure and temperature, the free-energy change, AG, of a system is defined as the difference between the change in enthalpy, AH, and the product of the Kelvin temperature and the entropy change, which is defined as TAS. Free Energy Change AGO= AH°- TASO Note that this expression is for substances in their standard states. The product TAS and the quantities AG and AHhave the same umor usually kJ. The units of AS for use in this equation are usually N If AG<0, the reaction is spontaneous. AH and AS in the free-energy equation can have positive or negative values. This leads to four possible combinations of terms.

Resolved Answers: 1