赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... Read More

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

40行目のForは接続詞として働いているのでしょうか？ それと、問2の答えの②が謝りな理由が分からないので教えて頂きたいです。よろしくお願いいたします。

-第 13 講 however, is no. experience "Red" is not a color contained in an object. It is an 30 involving reflected light, a human eye, and a human brain. We experience red only when light of a certain wavelength (say, 600 nanometers) reflects from an object (in ② the midst of other reflections at other wavelengths), and only while a receiver translates this contrasting range of light into visual sensations. Our receiver is the 対をなす 15248 human *retina, (which uses its three types of photoreceptors, called *cones, to convert 35 the reflected light into electrical signals made meaningful by a brain. In a retina that's missing a medium or long cone, light at 600 nanometers is experienced as gray. And in the absence of a brain, there is no experience of color at all, only reflected light in the world. 脳の欠 (2) Even with the right equipment in place, the experience of a red apple is not a ST 40 done deal. For the brain to convert a visual sensation into the experience of red, it must possess the concept "Red." This concept can come from prior experience with apples, roses, and other objects you perceive as red, or from learning about red from other people. (Even people who are blind since birth have a concept of "Red" that they learn from conversations and books.) (Without this concept, the apple would be 45 experienced differently. For instance, to the Berinmo people of Papua New Guinea, apples reflecting light at 600 nanometers are experienced as brownish, because Berinmo concepts for color divide up the continuous *spectrum differently. These riddles about apples and trees invite us, as perceivers to

下線部Dと答え.ウはなぜ同じ用法なんでしょうか 教えてください🙏

closer to reality. Researchers have investigated the use of electricity to stimulate vision for nearly half a century. In the 1960's, a *physiologist implanted 80 electrodes on the surface of a blind person's *visual cortex, a region at the back of the brain. Wireless stimulation of the electrodes made the patient see spots of light known as *phosphenes. This is the first stop for visual signals coming from the eye. (D) By the 1980's, a crop of *ophthalmologists began considering a narrower and seemingly easier-to-solve problem: making *prostheses for the eye. They suggested that degrade *photoreceptor cells called *rods and cones, still leave large portions of the retina intact even after a patient has become totally blind. The way to stimulate the remaining functional cells was proved *feasible in the mid-1990's. A device consisting of a tiny video camera perched on the bridge of a pair of glasses, a belt-worn video processing unit, and an electronic box, was developed recently. The electronic box issues signals to an implant behind the patient's ear that has wires running to a grid of 16 electrodes affixed to the output layer of the retina. The video processor wirelessly transmits a simplified picture of what the camera images to the box, and then the retinal implant stimulates cells in a pattern roughly reflecting that information.

解釈したんですけど、これ丸もらえますか？ 直しあったらお願いしたいです、、

次の英文の下線部を訳しなさい It is part of the North American culture that people should be kept at a distance, and that contact with another person's body of this social convention of dealing with others at a should be avoided in all but the most intimate situations. Because distance, people in the U.S. have to place much reliance on their distance receptors, their eyes and ears, for personal communication. 詞「~の」と訳しても、文章が通 (関西学院大)

訳が合ってるか見てください！3 ①それは2000年変わった。 ②マイアミ大学の調査員が旨味に関する感覚器官を見つけたのだ。 ③彼らはその感覚器官の目的はグルタミンの味を感じるためだと見つけた。 ④これによって、旨味は本当にある味だと証明した。 ⑤家庭料理人にとって旨味をど... Read More

【Part 3】 6| ①That changed in 2000。 ②Researchers at the University of Mami discovered_ the taste receptor for umami. ⑧They found that the purpose of these receptors is to taste glutamate. ④Because of this, they showed that umanmni is a true taste. 月 ⑨ずFor home cooks, learning how to use umami can help them make delicious foods. ⑥ A ot of umami products can be found in your kitchen. ⑦Parmesan cheese or other types ofaged cheese, soy 8auce, tomato products such as juice or ketchup, and fsh-based sauces 、such as Worcestershire sauce are the examnples of umarmi products. ⑧A study found that papies eat more_soup 玉it has a little glutamate. ⑨Therefore, some doctors suggest that ) parenfs use umami to help babies eat more when they dont eat mnuch. ⑩Using umami also neJps babies start eaing healthy foods.

分かるところだけでもお願いします🙏🙇‍♀️

OOS@ the correct word for each. ating too much ( salt / salty ) is not good for you. got a friendly ( receptor / recepton ) at the party. Tdont think she told the ( true / truth ) about the accident. 中aking off our shoes in the house is a ( tradition / traditional ) in Japan. 中he company created a new ( produce / product ). ii in the blanks to paraphrase the Sent6nC@S. w nobody knows about him 口。 was once the most famous movie star, but no now nobody knows about hi 1 っ He ( ) to be the most famous movie star, but good grade becauSe he worked hard. Tom got a ) in a good grade. っTom's hard work ( ere stopped because it snowed heavily. 。The tranns WI ) heavy snoW. _、 mLa frains were stopped ( Di

答えがわからない

) に取り B 次の問い(問1 3)のパラグラフ(段落)には。 まとまりをよくするためにデー 孤いた方がよい文がーつある。取り除く文として最も適当なものを, それ | 線部⑩-⑳のうちから一つずつ選べ。 | 還 イTrue understanding is a twoway street 』 participate in the process. Tf you want another person to listen tO YO you have to Hieten in returm。 〈下you want another person to understand ou then you_have to make an effort to understand that other person。 の you want people to respect your ideas_allyou have to dois to express YouL ideas clearly。 @THis is true even when your ideas and points ofview are Yery difierenc @You may findirhard to gasp the other perons point og With effork however. you may be able to understand why the person Tu requires that two peopIe ten thinks or feels a particular Way. 過2 [sl | Ts it really possible to get used to spicy foods hike chii peppers? Tolerance to chii peppers results from a physical change in how the body's 1 pain receptors react to capsaicin。 Capeaicin。 the substance in spicy peppers. is The ) Tesponsible for the "hot" factor im foods tat are flavored with them. | 1Ongue has nerve cells that respond to spicy heat and transmit this pain signal 1 to the braimn. With repeated shortterm exposure to capsaicin. however. | TeSe nerwe cells cease further ransmission of the pain signals QOver the | 1Ong term with repeated consumnption of spicy foods。the nerves get used to the spicy heat @呈 is because you wil never be able to eat spicy food without sweating They are not permanently affected, however, and can 1 recover。 Hence。 a regular diet of spicy food is required to keep the burning se

同格のofってN of doingの形になるんですかね？

の It is part of the North American culture-that people should be kept at a distance, andthat contact with another person's body should be avoided in all but the most intimate situationSs. Because of this social convention of dealing with others at a distance, people in the U.S. have to place much reliance on their distance receptors, their eyes and ears, for personal commumicatiom. (関西学院大)

研究員はグルタミン酸を味わうための受容体を発見しました。 これを英語にしたいです。 Researchers discovered the taste receptor to taste glutamate. 間違いをなおしてほしいです。