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English Senior High

この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

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English Senior High

この3つが分かりません。教えてください🙇‍♀️

wal Rainforest trees are used to make things which we use every day. Rubber, for example, is used to make many things. The fruits of many forest trees ( 7 ) — forest people have eaten them for thousands of years. Today, all over the world, people eat rainforest food plants; for example, coffee, tea, oranges, and rice. Corn, which is an important food for many people of the world, is another rainforest plant. In 1970, a disease destroyed half the corn in the United States of America. Scientists began to look for new species in the rainforests. In 1987, in the Mexican rainforest, they found a new species which is stronger than other species. But we nearly lost this new species, because people were already cutting down that part of the Mexican rainforest. Hollywood, Los Angele movie stud (1) knows how many useful plants are already lost because people have SHOULD destroyed many of the rainforests of the world. Directors, actors, and writ The trees of the rainforests help the Earth's air because their leaves use carbon dioxide and make oxygen, which we need to live. its high point in these year They are also important because they control some of the Earth's weather. Through they give out water vapor which makes heavy clouds. The clouds then move to other parts of the Earth and give rain. The clouds also protect the Earth their large leaves, from the sun. (ウ) 日 moved to like Today, the Earth is slowly getting hotter, and in some places changes in the weather are making life much more difficult. We need to learn more about the Earth's weather while we still have the rainforests. and see the golden

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English Senior High

4の書き換えがよく分かりません。 教えてください🙇‍♀️

man for (1) a onnectedness is, in fact, a virtue bothered. If the clerk always wants to chat ates should be prohibited at a gift makes a (2A). The French anthropologist Claude where. I just want a hacksaw blade. ss tells of Léx (3) seemingly trivial ceremony during a meal in cheap rants in France. The guests sit at a long, *communal table, and each pour bottle of wine before his plate. Before the meal begins, a man will e not into his own glass but into his neighbor's. And his neighbor will the gesture, filling the first man's empty glass. In an economic sense has happened. (4) No one has any more wine than he had originally. ety has appeared where there was none before. The French tend to trangers, but in these little restaurants, strangers find themselves (5) close relationship for an hour or more. "A conflict exists," says Lévi- "not very keen, but real enough to create a state of tension between of privacy and the fact of community. ... This is the temporary but ituation resolved by the exchange of wine. It is an * assertion of which does away with the mutual *uncertainty." Just sitting at the becomes social life through an exchange of gifts. Further, the the wine allows another exchange - ( 2C ). dware store: 金物店 munal: 共用の hacksaw: (金属を切るために用いる) 弓のこ uncertainty: 半信半疑 assertion: 表明

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English Senior High

(3)について答えはthese new types of cementまたはnew types of cement ですがthe new types of cement でも大丈夫ですか?

6 2019年度 英語 Ordinary Portland cement-t produced by baking lime in a kiln and emits approximately one ton of carb a kiln and emits Cement production is responsible for cement. dioxide for every ton of approximately 5% of global man-made CO2 emissions, according to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Cement does absorb some carbon dioxide back from the atmosphere over time, One 2016 study estimated that between 1930 and 2013, the equivalent of 43% of CO2 released from lime during heating was reabsorbed by - although that percentage does not include carbon concrete products worldwide dioxide emitted by the fossil fuels burned to heat kilns, a significant contributor of says. Fennell notes. 東京医科歯科大前駅 - the most common form in concrete- CO2 emissions during production. Unfortunately, this absorption comes at a price, particularly when cement is used in structures that feature steel reinforcement bars (rebar) within concrete. vl(As) CO₂ moves through cement it changes the pH of the surroundings, Fennell says. Concrete loses its alkalinity and, when moisture and oxygen are present, causes the rebar to rust. 2) ad "Rusting steel can expand with great force to as much as nine times its original dimensions if you add up all of the layers of iron oxide," says Randolph Langenbach, an international consultant in building conservation. This expansion causes the concrete to crack, flake and crumble. Svi aft ni adosband huma Degradation is a massive concern, he argues, and problems are not limited to rusting rebar. Everything from air pockets left in the concrete mix when it's laid to salt air buffeting coastal-facing walls, or the use of beach sand in the concrete, can shorten a building's lifespan. As one specialist once put it to Langenbach: "If it ain't cracked, it aint concrete."qubong ao yas guidtyns ogde stornos 90 s of fshoqml is vatns mash *** long llopsd lust ay to Given the concerns about the environmental impact and structural longevity of concrete, why do we continue to build with it? addi Simply put, concrete is cheap, versatile, quick to erect and requires no of weight J

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Biology Senior High

生物の食物連鎖とかの問題だと思うんですけど誰かわかる方いますか??? 英語すみません💦

hhmi Biolnteractive Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species Mean Leaf Area per Plant Over 18 Months without beetle with beetle Leaf Area per Plant (cm²) Control Ecology 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Experimental 0 T 2 www.BioInteractive.org 8 10 12 14 16 Months After Start of Experiment 4 6 Refer to the figure to answer questions 12 through 17. 12. For both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots, state the mean tree leaf area per plot that the scientists recorded after running the experiment for 18 months. The mean tree leaf area per plot that the Scientist recorded after running the experiment for 18 months wit the beetles added is 1.7m², S 2.2m² 13. Compare the trends in mean tree leaf area per plot for both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots over the 18 months of the experiment. The area of the control plat for thinoceros beetles has d has increased at a nearly constant rate, the other is a gradua decrease at first, then a sudden decrease, and finally a dradua 18 Figure 2. Mean leaf area per tree. Initial measurements were taken before (0 to 2 months) and after (7 to 18 months) beetles were added to 40 of 80 plants. The light gray round markers represent measurements taken of the control plots, to which beetles were not added. The black square markers represent measurements taken of the experimental plots, to which beetles were added. Measurements were made on all leaves to calculate the mean leaf area per plant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 14. Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include increase. interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants. Revised January 2018 Page 4 of 5

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