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Mathematics Senior High

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Level 2007年度 〔1〕 y=x+h が平面において、放物線y=xをCとする。また、実数kを与えたとき、 で定まる直線を1とする。 (1) -2<x<2の範囲でCと1が2点で交わるとき, kの満たす条件を求めよ。 () (2) kが1)の条件を満たすとき、Cと1および2直線x=-2, x=2で囲まれた3つの 部分の面積の和Sをkの式で表せ。 - ポイント (1) グラフを利用する解法と, 2次方程式の実数解の存在範囲を考える解法 がある。 前者の解法では,y=x-xとy=kの交点を考える方法,直接Cと1の交点を考え る方法が考えられる。 9 9 11 後者の解法では,-x-k=0の解を考えるが, この解法でも結局y=x²-x-kの グラフを利用することになる。 (2) 3つの部分の面積をそれぞれ定積分で表すが、そのまま計算を進めると計算量が多 くなる。 (x-a) (x-8) dx-(8-) ¹ の利用と式変形の工夫により計算量を少なくする。 解法 1 (1) y=x2, y=x+kより x=x+k すなわち x-x=k よってCとの交点のx座標は,放物線 C' y=x-xと直線l:ykの交点のx座標 に等しい。 y=x²-x=(x-1)² - 1/ で, C'は2点 (2,6), (22) を通り, ' とのグラフは右図のようになる。 したがって, -2<x<2の範囲で C' と'が2 点で交わる条件は <<2) (>²<D} (+²6<0) A 2 C':y=x-x 2 l': y=k IC ゆえに, 求める条件は - <k<2 [注1] 次のように, 直接 C との交点を考えてもよい。 放物線C:y=x2 と直線l:y=x+kが接するとき x=x+k すなわち x-x-k=0 が重解をもつから,判別式をDとすると 1 D=1+4k=0 ...... ( k=- このとき、接点のx座標はx=0であるか ら、-2<x<2の範囲で接する。 また, IC上の点 (2,4)を通るとき :. k=2 4=2+k よって右図より, -2<x<2の範囲でCと が2点で交わるときのんの満たす条件は 〔注2〕 Cと1が接するときのkの値は微分法を用いて 1 2 であるから、 接点の座標は y'=2x=1より, x=- 11 +kより, =-1として求めてもよい。 4 2 よって, k=- ... (2) Cとの交点のx座標を求める。 x2-x-k=0 x=x+k より x=1±√1+4k (-1<x<2) 2 とおくと ₁-1-√1 +4k B = α= 2 2 YA α O 1+√1 +4k 2 §1 2次関数 59 C:y=r O 1 (12-14) 82 2 1(k=2) x

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English Senior High

下から5行目のit would~の文構造がわからないです。back upはどのような働きをしているのでしょうか。 教えて頂けるとありがたいです。

A Makeover for Hoover Dam Hydropower has attracted increasing attention in recent years as a renewable type of clean energy. As long as a suitable water source is available, hydropower facilities are usually good investments, producing energy in a manner that generates far less air pollution and CO2 emissions than fossil fuels do. The most common way to generate hydropower is to trap water at a high elevation behind a dam so it can be released and used to spin turbines below, which, in turn, power electricity-producing generators. However, hydropower has its drawbacks. Droughts and increased water consumption have reduced the flow of many rivers. As rivers become shallower, the necessary volume of water for electricity difficult to maintain, and power supply and generation is dependability are negatively impacted. more Variability in water levels has particularly affected Hoover Dam, a mega-scale hydropower facility in the US state of Nevada. Built in the 1930s at enormous expense to control the frequently flooding Colorado River and maintain a water supply for farmland irrigation, the dam's hydropower capabilities were seen as a way to recover some of the costs of its construction over the long term. The dam's electricity-generating capacity, however, was challenged from the start by seasonal variability in water flow, and in recent years has been greatly reduced by droughts. Combining hydropower with other alternative energy sources, though, may offer a solution. Solar and wind plants can produce enormous amounts of electricity, but one serious downside is that the energy they produce is not available when there is little sun or wind. While conventional batteries can help with this issue, storing such tremendous volumes of electricity has long been a challenge. A recently proposed system for Hoover Dam could provide an answer, though. The plan suggests building a new pumping station that would be powered by both wind and solar. It would push water from the river back up to Hoover Dam, refilling the lake behind it. The water could be released anytime to power the dam's generators in order to reliably meet demand for electricity. Kelly Sanders, an engineering professor at the University of Southern California, is enthusiastic about the storage plan, saying, "We by the p replace fo solat als are st ons to the What is 1 Inst inves 2 WE dams 3 A neg sys 1 en

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