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Mathematics Senior High

多項式の問題です 上二行の解説が何回読んでもわかりませんわかりません なんで不適になるのでしょうか

2 重要 例題 21 等式を満たす多項式の決定 00000 X 多項式(x)はすべての実数をについて(x+1)-f(x)=2xを満たし(0)29) [一橋大 ] | 基本1 であるという。このとき, f(x) を求めよ。 指針 例えば,f(x)が2次式とわかっていれば,f(x)=ax2+bx+c とおいて進めることが できるが,この問題ではf(x)が何次式か不明である。 →f(x)はn次式であるとして, f(x)=ax"+bx"-1+...... (α≠0, n≧1) とおいて 進める。f(x+1)-f(x) の最高次の項はどうなるかを調べ, 右辺2xc と比較するこ とで次数nと係数αを求める。 5 基本事 1 2 2 なお,f(x) = (定数) の場合は別に考えておく。 3 TRA f(x)=c(cは定数) とすると, f (0) =1から f(x)=1 解答 これはf(x+1)-f(x) = 2x を満たさないから,不適。 よって, f(x)=ax+bx"'+...... (a≠0, n≧1)(*) とす ると この場合は,*) に含ま れないため、別に考えて いる。 0=1 f(x+1)-f(x) n-1 =a(x+1)”+b(x+1)*¯¹+….....— -(ax" + bx"-1+......) I+x=s =anxn-1+g(x) ただし,g(x)は多項式で,次数はn-1より小さい。 f(x+1)-f(x)=2xはxについての恒等式であるから,最 高次の項を比較して n-1=1 D, an=2 ...... ② ①から n=2 ゆえに、②から a=11- ① (x+1)*① =x"+nC1x"-1+nCzx-2+... のうち, a(x+1)"-ax” の最高次 の項は anx”-1で残り の頃はn-2次以下とな る。 anxn-1と2xの次数と 係数を比較。 このとき, f(x)=x2+bx+c と表される。 f(0)=1から c=1 -=== またf(x+1)-f(x)=(x+1)^+6(x+1)+c-(x2+bx+c)c=1としてもよいが, =2x+6+1 結果は同じ。 よって 2x+6+1=2x この等式はxについての恒等式であるから b+1=0 係数比較法。 すなわち b=-1 したがって f(x)=x-x+1 FI POINT 次数が不明の多項式は,n次と仮定して進めるのも有効

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TOEIC・English Undergraduate

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15 語数: 398 語 出題校 法政大 5 We are already aware that our every move online is tracked and analyzed. But you 2-53 couldn't have known how much Facebook can learn about you from the smallest of social interactions - a 'like'*. (1) Researchers from the University of Cambridge designed (2) a simple machine-learning 2-54 system to predict Facebook users' personal information based solely on which pages they had liked. E "We were completely surprised by the accuracy of the predictions," says Michael 2-55 Kosinski, lead researcher of the project. Kosinski and colleagues built the system by scanning likes for a sample of 58,000 volunteers, and matching them up with other 10 profile details such as age, gender, and relationship status. They also matched up those likes with the results of personality and intelligence tests the volunteers had taken. The team then used their model to make predictions about other volunteers, based solely on their likes. The system can distinguish between the profiles of black and white Facebook users, 15 getting it right 95 percent of the time. It was also 90 percent accurate in separating males and females, Democrats and Republicans. Personality traits like openness and intelligence were also estimated based on likes, and were as accurate in some areas as a standard personality test designed for the task. Mixing what a user likes with many kinds of other data from their real-life activities could improve these predictions even more. 20 Voting records, utility bills and marriage records are already being added to Facebook's database, where they are easier to analyze. Facebook recently partnered with offline data companies, which all collect this kind of information. This move will allow even deeper insights into the behavior of the web users. 25 30 (3) - Sarah Downey, a lawyer and analyst with a privacy technology company, foresees insurers using the information gained by Facebook to help them identify risky customers, and perhaps charge them with higher fees. But there are potential benefits for users, too. Kosinski suggests that Facebook could end up as an online locker for your personal information, releasing your profiles at your command to help you with career planning. Downey says the research is the first solid example of the kinds of insights that can be made through Facebook. "This study is a great example of how the little things you do online show so much about you,” she says. "You might not remember liking things, " but Facebook remembers and (4) it all adds up.", * a 'like': フェイスブック上で個人の好みを表示する機能。 日本語版のフェイスブックでは「いいね!」 と表記される。 2-56 2-57 2-58 36

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