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Physics Undergraduate

どなたかわかる方おられませんかね。

2. 電子の内部状態を考察するため、 次の交換関係を満たすエルミート演算子 S1, S2 S3 を考える: [SS2]=iS3 [S2,Sa]=iS1 [S3.Si]=iS2. (1) S2 = S} + S2 + S7は任意のSi (i=1,2,3) と可換であることを示せ。 (2) St:= S1 ±iS2(複合同順) とおくとき、 次の交換関係を示せ: [S3, St] = ±S土 [S+,S_] = 2.S3. (3) |+) を Ss+) = -+), S+|+) = 0 を満たす S3 の固有状態とする。 この状態 (+) は の固有状態 となることを示しその固有値を求めよ。 (4) |-> を |-) := S_+〉 で定義する。 この状態 |-> は S3との同時固有状態となることを示しそれ らの固有値を求めよ。 またS_|-> = 0 を証明せよ。 (5)以上のような演算子と状態の組が2種類あるような合成系を考える: {${",|a}(1)}== }i=1,2,3,a=11 {S(2),\3)(2)}i=1.2.3.83=±ただし、S^^) と S(2) は全て可換であるとする。この合成系における任意 の状態は、(a) (1) (3) (2) (0, 3=±) の4種類の基底ベクトルで表され、 合成されたスピン演算子 SiS(1) + S(2) (i=1,2,3) はこの合成系の状態に Sila)(1)(3)(2) = (${1/(a)(1)(3)(2) +a)(1)(S{(2)(3) (2)) のように作用する。 この合成系における S3, 32 の同時固有状態を上記の4種類の基底ベクトルの 線型結合で表し、それぞれの固有値を求めよ。 ただし規格化は行わなくてもよい。

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Biology Senior High

生物の食物連鎖とかの問題だと思うんですけど誰かわかる方いますか??? 英語すみません💦

hhmi Biolnteractive Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species Mean Leaf Area per Plant Over 18 Months without beetle with beetle Leaf Area per Plant (cm²) Control Ecology 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Experimental 0 T 2 www.BioInteractive.org 8 10 12 14 16 Months After Start of Experiment 4 6 Refer to the figure to answer questions 12 through 17. 12. For both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots, state the mean tree leaf area per plot that the scientists recorded after running the experiment for 18 months. The mean tree leaf area per plot that the Scientist recorded after running the experiment for 18 months wit the beetles added is 1.7m², S 2.2m² 13. Compare the trends in mean tree leaf area per plot for both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots over the 18 months of the experiment. The area of the control plat for thinoceros beetles has d has increased at a nearly constant rate, the other is a gradua decrease at first, then a sudden decrease, and finally a dradua 18 Figure 2. Mean leaf area per tree. Initial measurements were taken before (0 to 2 months) and after (7 to 18 months) beetles were added to 40 of 80 plants. The light gray round markers represent measurements taken of the control plots, to which beetles were not added. The black square markers represent measurements taken of the experimental plots, to which beetles were added. Measurements were made on all leaves to calculate the mean leaf area per plant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 14. Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include increase. interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants. Revised January 2018 Page 4 of 5

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