Systemic Functional Grammar (ไวยากรณ์เชิงหน้าที่เชิงระบบ)

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af.nan✨

โน้ตนี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของวิชา Discourse Analysis (วาทกรรมวิเคราะห์)
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2025.08.26 公開

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what is SFG?
;
"SFG"
SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
• Systemic Language is a system of choices. When we speak or write, we choose words.
and structures based on what meaning we want to express.
• Functional : Language has functions. It is not only about form but about
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the purposes (meanings) it serves.
• Grammar: Not perscriptive rules but a description of how choices in language
work together to make meaning..
Three Meta functions of Language.
Halliday argued that every sentence expresses meaning through 3 functions.
simultaneously:
1. Ideational metafunction.
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อ
• Expresses content or ideas about the world.
• Explains who does what to whom, when, where, how.
Analysed through transitivity system (processes, participants, circumstances)
2. Interpersonal metafunction
• Expresses relationships between speaker / writer and listener / reader.
• Includes mood (declarative, interrogative, imperative), modality (maybe, must,
Should), evaluation, politeness.
3. Textual metafunction
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• Organises the message so it makes sense in context.
• Deals with theme-rheme, information flow, cohesion, coherence.

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•
Core Analytical Tools
•Transitivity analysis: Looks at processes (material, mental, relational,
verbal, behavioural, existential) and participants (actor, goal, senser,
phenomenon, etc.)
• Mood analysis: Examines clause types (statements, questions, commands)
and how they position the speaker and listener.
WU
Theme analysis: Studies how information is structured in a clause
(what comes first sets the theme).
why is SFG important?
-Shows how language choices reflect social context.
(e.g., a science report vs. a poem).
Useful in education, discourse analysis, media studies, translation, and language teaching.
- Helps explain why speakers choose certain forms rather than just what is correct.
Example
Process material action
The teacher gave the students homework yesterday.
Actor
Theme
Recipient
Goal
Circumstance
Rheme
•Ideational
¬
Process = gave Participants = Actor (teacher)
Goal (homework)
Recipient (students)
Circumstance =
yesterday
"Interpersonal: Declarative clause, neutral modality, establishes teacher's authority.
Textual Theme
=
The teacher
Rheme gave the students homework yesterday.

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Systemic Functional Grammar
1. The Core Idea
Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar sees language as a network of choices.
When people use language, they are constantly making selections (words, grammar,
style) to create meaning in a given context.
Key point Grammar is not just rules. It is a resource for making meaning.
in social contexts.
2. The Three Metafunctions of Language
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Ideational Metafunction (representing experience).
:
Purpose To represent the world around us and within us.
outer world
=
actions / events inner world = thoughts/feelings.
• System: Transitivity system.
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Processes:
1. Material: Actions I events.
(doing, happening)
She built a house
Actor Process
Goal
2. Mental Thinking, feeling, perceiving
I like pizza - Phenomenon
Sensor Process
3. Relational Being, having.
Process
He is a teacher
Carrier 'Attribute
4. Verbal Saying, reporting.
• She said hello + verbiage
"Sayer Process
5. Behavioural : Physiological/
process
psychological behaviour
He laughed loudly
Behaver
6. Existential indicating existence.
existent
There is a problem
process
Circumstance add details like time, place, manner.

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Interpersonal Metafunction (enacting relationships).
0 Purpose: To interact, influence, negotiate roles and attitudes.
• System: Mood & Modality system.
• clause as exchange : Each clause in an exchange between speaker, writer
.
and listener/reader.
Mood types
1. Declarative Statement → The meeting starts at 9.
2. Interrogative Question → when does the meeting start?
3. Imperative
Command → start the meeting now.
Modality (speaker's judgment of probability / obligation) :
•
· You must finish this. (strong obligation)
• She might come tomorrow. (Probability)
Evaluation attitude markers.
:
• Unfortunately, the results were poor.
☆ Textual Meta function Corganising the message)
• Purpose:
: To structure information so that it makes sense in context.
•System Theme - Rheme System.
Theme = Starting point of the clause.
Rheme=
what is said about the Theme
The teacher gave the students homework yesterday,
Theme
Rheme

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