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ページ1:
lare 核苷酸 p group 核糖 orㄊ0核糖 Nbase (AUTCG) sire. dine 核苷糖 核酸 De novo No P group Many 核苷酸(DNA RNA) PRPP. a.a. ATP.CO2 核苷酸(Nucleotide) Salvage PRPP base → Nucleotide 嘧啶 CTP FCP UTP CP gln CO2 Pyrimidine 合成 Casp Key EZ: CPS I. Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) UMP → UDP → UTP CTP gin UMP UDP → dupp →JUMP folate TMP CPSI : Urea cycle. mitochondria(粒) CPSⅡ:嘧啶合成.cell質(cytosol) Ribose 最常 salvage pathway: Thymidy late CMP |水解 cytidine RNA ↓ 水解 脱胺 Urail → 3-Alanine → UMP ↓水解 Uridine 疊 Uracil Thymine → 乃 - Aminoisobutyrate DNA 水解 脱胺 dCMP ,dTMP 水解 脫 水解 dcytidine + 1胺 d thymidine 醚 d Uridine ← ↓ dump Thymine Uracil
ページ2:
乳清酸尿症 type I PRPP Oriotic acid-OMP OMP - UMP orotate phosphoribosyl transferase. Orotidylic acid decarboxylase Orotic aciduria type II Orotidylic acid decarboxylase Anticancer drug Fruorouracil → block Thymidylate synthase Purine 嘌呤 ASP N, Hy Folate C2 CO gly CH Folate Ribose gin gin key EZ PRPP synthase (RSP) PRPP amidotransferase A.MP. GMP. IMP #p • Hufolate gin> gly - Hufolate gin > CO₂ - Asp → | IMP-base: Hypoxanthine AMP 2ASP. 2Gln Adenylosuccinate synthase GMP IASP 3 Gln IMP dehydrogenase Adenine → AMP Salvage AMP APRT: Adenylate HGPRT: Inosinate Guanylate IMP GMP TE (Hypouricemia) Can²代謝~ Inosine Guanosine (Hyperuricemia) Gout Uric acid too much Lesch-Nyhan syndrome →>> Hypoxanthine IMP Guanine GMP ADA 抑DNA合成 •Adenosine Deaminase T. B cell -SCID Purine Nucleoside phosphorylase T cell Xanthine Oxidase 黃嘌呤尿症→結石 (Xanthinuria) cant form uric acid Adenosine deaminase AMP IMP Hypoxanthine GMP Guanine deaminase Hypoxanthine Hypoxathine Xanthine Xanthine oxidase Xanthine Xanthine oxidase Uric acid Treatment Reduce Uric acid Allopurino Increase Uric acid #=4 Urate oxidase
ページ3:
DNA Structure P酸双脂鍵 H鍵 凡得瓦力 Groove 凹陷(protein 辨識DNA) Anticancer drug: cisplatin bind to DNA groove 干擾DWA replication.転錄 DNA變性 Melting temperature Tm (双股一半break 溫度) PCR 吸光值.核酸 single strand DNA 260nm 波長 protein 280 hm Chromatin: DNA protein Histones DNA辨認+电a.a.RKH IH2A.H2B.H3H4 (鹼性) cell cycle 有絲 M Growth G protein production 特定 gene 表達-make protein 「靜止最長 転錄 DNA GoGi Growth RNA 転譯 EZ: reverse transcriptace 反転錄 protein DNA replication
ページ4:
DNA replication ¥193 Leading Tagging 5-3 合成 維持股 Single Strand binging protein (SSA) DNA Helicase 3' RNA primer 解螺旋ase DNA pol (原核)聚合 Primase leading strand 移除 RNA primer 補上DNA 核苷酸 Initiation 分開双股DNA DNA POLI DNA ligase lagging strand 連接 岡崎片段 Oric: E. Coli DNA replication t AT rich (open) DnaA protein DnaB (Helicase) Topoisomerase 解開超螺旋 DNA gyrase antibiotics Primase make need DNA template RNA Primer+ Prepriming complex → primasome
ページ5:
extension 13174 DNA Pol I DNA Pol Remove RNA primer DNA repair (5'-3'91 to ase) replication DNA Pol 聚合P酸双酯鍵 dATP. dCTP. & GTP. d TTP .Mg2+ template primer DNA Pol (function) DNA pol Klenow fragment ->> 聚合 3' 5' exonuclease 互補 [ shape selectivity Leading strand primer i DNA pol Remove primer: DNA pol 5'-3' st + ase primer 填補: DNA DOILK dNTP 補 Primer 空缺 DNA ligase repair DNA pol I sliding clamp: DNA pol Stable B₂ submit DNA 中心腔 allow DNA template 自由滑动 Clamp loader complex bind to Draß Clamp loader: ATPK 37 sliding clamp open-close 3-5 proofreading Trombone slide lagging strand form DNA loop DNA ligase ₤ PA P(lagging strand)
ページ6:
真核 Human replication Histones → acetylation乙醯化(降低histone. DNA 結合強度) Acetylation gene Deacetylation gene Initiation 多replication 起奌 双股DNA 局部解開 複製ㄅ 起始奌form form replication fork 双向 replication extension DNA Pol mase E Termination primase initiate DNA repair = pol I Lagging Strand Leading strand 2) = pol IL mitochondrial DNA Telomere 端粒 Stable 國尾端 against 核酸水解ase分解 protect EZ telomeraes Aase activity Short RNA fragment template 延長端粒 T. G base
ページ7:
DNA repair
Why cell need DNA repair
讓 DNA replication 完美
消除內外源性 damage
Oxidative damage
Endogenous A
外源
Single strand break (break)
Exogenous Physical damage
Chemical damage
Biological damage
Base alternation
GC to GA
AT to hypoxanthine C
Oxidation
2. ARAR
3. 烷基化
4. 嘧啶聚合物
5. DNA strand break
(Aflatoxin B GC to AT
UV光 TFT blocking DNA replication
(x ray) {:
Double Strand
break
Single strand
break
DNA repair
:
Recognize wrong base.
remove →
fill D.
連接DNA
repair systems base - oxidation. deamination
核苷酸剪除-外源 damage
2.
3. Mismatch
4. Double strand break
Xeroderma pigmetosa
色素沉著性 skin camer
ページ8:
1. Base 剪除(內生) Go to GT 有P酸酯 No base ->> → form AP site DNA glycosylase (Tease) cut AP site 内切 ase 剪開,酸双酯鍵 DNA pol I ± correct base DNA ligase Seal D ex: cytosine ARA → Uracil DNA no Uracil 2. 核苷酸(Nucleotide)剪除 伴隨転錄 repair UV. smoke chemical damage. £47 Compare: DNA photolyaze repair no need remove DNA KE Nudeotide 剪除 need cut損傷DNA片段 Cancer Xeroderma pigmentosa 3. Mismatch 專門修復DNA聚合錯过profreading damage E.col: G-T wrong 522 甲基化(methylation) 辨識 wrong 配对 E. coli Human Met A 4. Double strand break repair 同源染色体重組 repair 1. RAD5) site (1) RecA. RadA) 2. = A2 Structure displacement loop 3. DNA合成 4. Holliday junction → 5. 切割,連接 →
ページ9:
RNA transcription coding 密碼股(和RNA同序列But T→U) template 3-5' 合成 RNA S→3' E: RNA pol template: XX ADNA ATP GTP CTP. UTP Ton Mg²+ Mn² Initiation elogation termination find promoters in DNA) 打開 DNA 双脂 form P酸双酯鍵 detect termination signal Interact with L to protein. FCP #y protein no need primer no 3-5 exonuclease (3) toase) activity. no proofreading RNA pol (E. coli) Subunit B 核苷酸聚合 3' DNA Keep 單股 elongation o 辨識 promoter initiation antibiotic inhibit transcription block elongation (B) Targets RNA pol 真核生物RNA pol Type I 85 5.85. 285 RNA I mRNA前驅物. Sn RNA Ⅲ tRNA SRNA
ページ10:
Transcription Initiation Promoter region DNA Transcription factors • protein DNA DNA cis-acting elements pDNA 調節PA trans-acting elements Pol→転錄 (RNA pol 真核 CAAT box. Gc box (£=13) function 啟动RNA pol.転錄 start site 距 Start site 近 protein binding RNA pol transcription factor Start promoters: TATA box intiator element (Int). downstream core promoter element (DPE) promoter (DNA) enhancer (DNA) to promoter enhancer binding proteins 可距 start site 遠 Transcription factory PmRNA factor TFIIA. TFIIB TATA box-binding protein (TBP) bind to TATA box → basal transcription complex TFIIH bind to complex (active) pol (many protein form) Multiple Transcription factors Interact with promoters, enhancer Sti or top gene Mediator complex bridge protein. RNA polI → combinatorial control different effects on transcription 転錄後modification RNA Pol I 合成前驅物RNA(45S) base modification snoRNP THE TES 切割成185.285.5.8S rRNA modification - 甲基化 pseudouridine (偽尿苷化) RNA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins
ページ11:
真核生物 ribosomes 60S rRNA 285.5.85.55 >80 S : 40S rRNA 185 → 原核生物 ribosomes ★ 505 → rRNA: 235.55 > 705 № 305 →RNA: 165 tRNA 合成前驅物 RNaseP RNA Pol →→a.a. Psite precursor remove) CCA adding EZ add to 3' modify base. ribose endonuclease intron RNA ligase 接合 BRNA pol 有最多非典型base =structure modify最多 Stable structure 5 GYA Code 3 acceptor 9.9. arm Darm Dihydrouridine DHU) IRNA 辨認 correct a.a. Anticodon arm TYC arm ribathymidine extra arm ribosome psudouridine
ページ12:
RNA pol methylguanylate mRNA capping 5' + GTP. 5'-5' linkage → may put PE from 4H folate. T cell +3CH35C糖、GTPMEN poly A tail 3' + polyadenylate cell No need template (Splicing) remove intron SHRNPS splicing 5 splice site 5 AG|GUAAGU 3' 3 splice site CAGIG Alternative splicing (±) protein diversity Lipoprotein LDL no need template only 真核生物 stop coden ← CAA VAA Apo B-100 MANA Edited APO B-48 MANA disease Thalassemia 71 mature MRNA & Retinitis pigmentosa snRNP RNA polI = CTD capping 5 splicing poly A 3' Carboxy termina domain 原核 no ' need modification no 5 cap. poly A tail MRNA-RNA SD 51 to 16 SIRNA 521 Start codon AUG 1 8 base
ページ13:
Type of RNA P(原核)+E(真核) RNA PHE n mRNA P+E n+C 遺伝Lode tRNA PHE C SARNA n snoRNA n SCRNA C 不明確 miRNA C SIRNA E c(質) n(核) ribosomen protein & carry aa to ribosome + . remove pre-mRNA intron splicing. modify NA Inhibit mRNA of mRNA 降解
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