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lect 4. special sense eye's structure 1-Sclera fibrous tissue Correg 2 choroid-mela - ciliary body - cilliary process 3.reting -mal & cs and as Exploits 1) bipolar cells 2355.cally Come cells MUS aqueous ciliary m humor 1) hotell 47 amacare cells lons ligament - Ms - mal inve Grantar m.y nobs - contriction (mics) - prowym lak- radial m. nach dilation/man-m - lens-lous ligament with cillary blind spot, foven contralls -optic dire -optic N Ton 70044 accomma they "no rod, come al mary bind spot foren centrals - macula lntercoms foven come cells image-forming mechani potopigment rd & come cells 1 ouderent-photon (en) y come as you late-the sy chiolabe-sus exyferbabe- stov and co-day 2 Mower segment - my w 3. Spples forming www.py bat) phototransduction - ชา ล Structure of the Retina Ch Cone Light visual pathways lateral youred deputation PUPILLARY REACTION Chapmand-gated at choppy b Val 1 Ontic n lasma Accomodation Consensual Light Refe
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near response four wonde 1. accommodation sys Distant The suppensory ligament sover Visionn So my cling budy Tens jer J [1] forme, los M foins un M focus wenn waste Relaxed Eye During Accommodation 2. miosis -pupil Near Vision, O parasym→ circular m stron Martin พ Emil beson parasym (a) TINJ ciliary me leaves Csaporary lisament where-tre 1 Lates J. comversence of eyeballs Swan motor M. fiber media vertus m. m-40 id empren conveginu of eyebally 69125m x la MAD papillary light reflex T putertal for ango Edeyr Haphy & ชาด- ↓ un cironlar M. No Light consemnal light reflex Normal Response to Light Positive RAPD of Right Eye 49576770 ·dhart light refer Fis optic N. petectal ca Fidiger-p midbray pin (NII occulomotor N. ! Circular m. had minimal plantins
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inner earby lakynth meni layth ①andtory appambur -cock. ③verthaler paty utele ale choclea sela vestibali pedlymph 110endaryumph -Reisver's mens. -basilar memb -over-energy allow (pu) 7508133 lobe temporal Broadman 4442 st der veron auditory cortex hearing pathways THE MECHANISM OF HEARING Outer ear Pinna helps collect and channel sound into the ear canal which also enhances sound quality m Soundwave Reissner's membrane Endolymph Eardrum vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits the sound energy through the three small bones to the oval window Vibrations from the oval window pass to the fluid, creating a wave that travels up and around the cochlea back to the round window, which disperses the vibration back to the middle ear 22 Round Cochlea Organ of Cors -Baslar Outer hair cells auditory medianism --a surthy & acts, amplitude, as - frequenty thid-bonne sound ↓ 1 depolarization action potential 1. cockle N hewing poform @thalamus order @medalla neuron 2nd 2 order heuron oblongata ventral cochlear nucleus medial geniculate nucleus dorsal cochlear nucleus CNX cochlear cochlea superior olive Spiral 25 ist order neuron Deflection Organ of Cor Nerve fibres The pressure wave defects the vestibular membrane and so the basilar membrane activates the hair cells of the organ of Cor creating nerve stimul Bone conduction transducer Aural cartage Temporal bone Cochlea Bone conduction Cartilage conduto air conduction bone conduction *cochten cien งาน Now maydim ax. tuning fork @shull Cartage conduction External auditory canal transducer Inferior dorter ven colliculus mid brain
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equilibrium vasion + proprioception + other Manda Vestibule Utricle Semicircular Canals -Cochlea (hearing) Mon Saccule vestibular organs kinocum, Any restibular system. -64.3, body parture, ar accntention, celeration A4505 rotation compute Cuple filer ar Sale mechanism an -Savon vestibular N. 10-2014 Stimulation depolarization as ↑ Mhthithy hiperpation ax] Cold -rotation Rulative fuld movem ↓ ↑ R Head movement T W
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vestibular neural pathway To cerebral Thalamus (VPM nucleus) Medial lemniscus Ascending component fasciculus Descending longitudinal Oculomotor nucleus Trochlear nucleus Abducent nucleus To rebum (through its inferior penduncle) Vestibular nuclei component Figure 1.6: Components of the vestibular reflex pathway Reflex Efferent pathways Vestibular ganglion -Vestibulospinal tract Eyes Proprioceptors Viburnumda olagut Medialnic Smuscles of the limbs, funk and "VESTIBULOSPINAL REFLEX Extracur muscles "VESTIBULD OCULAR REFLEX taste, gustation -chemorecapter taste buds taste pathways Smell h Lay tuke patums faute buds betones, guy wh auf 213 tongue mechanism ON VIL fromN ON X ONZ cerebral cortex to mak tude & 2nd der new tracks soltada @mesella. dilage by she aver room: @fanlamas postal code ter เค็ม เกลือ NaCl memb depolarization Na influx av sava เปรี้ยว H+ กรด เหนียวน้าการปิด K+ ไม่ออก depolarization AP fiber หวาน OH น้ำตาล signal transduction camp Ca influx v alkaloid G protein Ca ER intracellular หวาน บม อาศัยโปรตีน Mechanism Snell pathway * oliday
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