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TOEIC・英語 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

下線部(1)の文構造が分かりません。特に2行目の文構造が分かりません。強調のdoであることは分かりますが、その後のthat以降が関係詞?かすらも分からないので、誰か教えて下さい!

次の英文は1991年に出版された本からのもので、 研究分野としての「人工知 能」 (Artificial Intelligence) について述べています。 下線部(1)~(3)を日本語に訳 しなさい。 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Just about the only characterization of Al that would meet with universal acceptance is that it involves trying to make machines do tasks which are normally seen as requiring intelligence. There are countless refinements of this characterization: what sort of machines we want to consider; how we decide what tasks require intelligence and so on. One of the most important questions concerns the reasons why we want to make machines do such tasks. AI has always been split between people who want to make machines do tasks that require intelligence because they want more useful machines, and people who want to do it because they see it as a way of exploring how humans do such tasks. We will call the two approaches the engineering approach and the cognitive-science respectively. (2) (1) approach The techniques required for the two approaches are not always very different. For many of the tasks that engineering AI wants solutions to, the only systems we know about that can perform them are humans), so that, at least initially, the obvious way to design solutions is to try to mimic what we know about humans. For many of the tasks that cognitive-science Al wants solutions to, the evidence on how humans do them is too hard to interpret to enable us to construct computational models, so the only approach is to try to design solutions from scratch" and then see how well they fit what we know about humans. The main visible difference between the two approaches is in (3) their criteria for success; an engineer would be delighted to have create something that outperformed a person; a cognitive scientist would regard it as a failure. -1- M7 (492-61

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数学 高校生

高一数学です。(2)がわかりません。なぜ絶対値なのに二乗するんですか?

基本 例題 43 対偶を利用した命題の証明 文字はすべて実数とする。 対偶を考えて,次の命題を証明せよ。 (1)x+y=2 ならば 「x≦1 または y≦1」 (2)2 +626 ならば 「|α+6|>1 または |α-6|>3」 CHART & SOLUTION 対偶の利用 00000 p.76 基本事項 6 2章 6 命題の真偽とその対偶の真偽は一致することを利用 (1)x+y=2 を満たすx, yの組 (x, y) は無数にあるから,直接証明することは困難であ る。そこで,対偶が真であることを証明し, もとの命題も真である, と証明する。 条件 「x≦1 または y≦1」 の否定は 「x>1 かつ y>1」 (2) 対偶が真であることの証明には、次のことを利用するとよい。 解答 A≧0, B≧0 のとき A≦B ならば A'≦B2 (p.118 INFORMATION 参照。) (1) 与えられた命題の対偶は 「x>1 かつ y>1」 ならば x+y=2 これを証明する。 x> 1, y>1 から x+y>1+1 すなわち x+y>2 よって, x+y=2 であるから, 対偶は真である。 したがって,もとの命題も真である。 麺 (2) 与えられた命題の対偶は 「la +6≦1 かつ a-b≦3」 ならば2+b2<6 これを証明する。 ←pg の対偶は g⇒ b ←x>a,y>b ならば x+y>a+b (p.54 不等式の性質) 0 論理と集合 = 0 される |a+6|≦1, |a-b≦3から (a+b)≤12, (a-6)²≤32 ←|A|=A2 >1 よって (a+b)2+(a-b)2≦1+9 ゆえに 2(a²+b²)≤10 よって a²+b²≤5 ゆえに、対偶は真である。 したがって,もとの命題も真である。 ← ' + b'≦5 と 56 から a2+62<6 S POINT 条件の否定条件p, gの否定を、それぞれp, gで表す。 かつ または -PNQ=PUQ またはq かつ PUQ=PnQ PRACTICE 43° 文字はすべて実数とする。 次の命題を, 対偶を (1)x+ya ば 「xa-b または y>b」 (2)xについての方程式 ax+b=0 がただ1つ して証明せよ。 もつならば

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英語 高校生

教えてほしいです

2 次の英文を読み, 空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを,それぞれ下の①~④のうちから一つずつ選びなさい。 (6) When growing tomatoes, we know we should pick them when they're bright red. With carrots, however, ( 6 ) because they grow underground. ①we should pick them when they turn orange (2) it's hard to know when they're ready (3) we should grow them more carefully than tomatoes (4) it's easy to know when they're bright red (7) Although it is quick, easy and convenient to be able to look up information on the internet, it can sometimes be difficult ( 7 ) because there is so much information. to find what you are looking for (2) to improve the convenience of the internet (3) to get more than what you need that people often experie (4) to have good computer literacy (8) Would you be happier if you were richer? Many people believe that they would be. But research conducted over many years suggests that ( 8 ). People in the United States, for example, are, on average, richer than New Zealanders, but they are not happier. poorer people tend to worry about their financial problems 2 pleasure in life usually comes from great wealth (3) the best way to be happy is learning how to save money greater wealth doesn't generally imply greater happiness (9) Many European rivers were once heavily polluted by manufacturing industries. As a result, wild animals dependent on clean water disappeared. However, as stricter environmental standards took effect, rivers such as the Thames of London have become much cleaner. Consequently, ( 9 ). water quality has continued to decline wild animals avoid drinking from the Thames (3) wild animals are making a comeback in many rivers (4) wild animals no longer depend on clean water

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