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化学 高校生

RHEED法の原理と得られる7つの情報が、この英文に書かれているみたいなのですが、よく分かりません。 分かる方助けてください!🙇‍♂️

INTRODUCTION Reection high-energy electron diHiraction (RHEED) uses a Rnely collimated electron beam with energy of 10-100 keV. The beam irradiates a sample surface with gazing incidence to obtain forward scattered difraction patterms. RHEED enables us to analyze structures of crystal surfaces at atomic levels and also to in situ monitor growth processes of thin films (mo、1988: Ichimiya and Cohen、2004: Peng et al.. 2011). From the arrangement。intensity and profile of the dilraction spots in RHEED patterns as described below in detail、 one can obtain various kinds of information: (1) the periodicity (unit cells) in atomic arrangements. (2) flat- ness of surfaces. (3) sizes of grains/domains of surface structures and microcrystals grown on the surface. (3) epitaxial relation between the grown flms/islands with respect to the substrate. (5) parameters character- izing structural phase transitions. (6) individual atomic positions in the unit cells. and (7) growth styles of thin films and numbers of atomic layers grown. The most important advantages of the method are that it is quite easy to install the RHEED apparatus in Yarious types of vacuum chambers without interfering with other components of apparatuses and to do real- time monitoring during thin-Rlm growths. Because of these advantages.RHEED is nowwidelyusednotonlyin research Iabs of surfaces and thin fims. but also in device production processes in industry Low-energy electron diiraction (LEED、see article Low-ENNERcy ErecroN DirscmoN)。 in which an electron beam of 10-100 eV in energy is irradiated onto a sample surface with nearly normal incidence to obtain back- scattered difraction patterns. is also widely used to analyze the atomic structures of crystal surfaces. Since one has to make the sample face directly to the LEED

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英語 高校生

英語です 1枚目の青ラインマーカーの「end」の部分はどういう意味の「end」で使われますか? 「end」部分に該当する日本語訳が2枚目の青ラインマーカーです。

HITIKACUUら 隊teet het和Ri that DoDlSm3 aslconsumers here are 9 [Eonsumers hereare so the most ls of demandiig product94hal aw CBgi5 人 and 征kDグ ee 2 kets一to in the world, recent iecent yearB 前9 Ni consumers一and supermmarl 語EEHIHby dsies Food Ne all over the world2d S 2 to such MT resDRing in severe losses. 人 朗 (の (のみろ of the amount of waste im spag/ange from 7 million to 23 million tons a year: the low gnd of that forecast is equivalent to 30 percent of the countrys domestic production, a stunning number in light of the oft-cited goal of obtaining “food security” The high md_--which comes from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries一is worth almost \11 trillion and is the monetary eduivalent of Japan's annual agricultural output.、 Experts reckon it costs another \2 trilion to dispose of that waste. Tokyo alone produces about 6.000 tons of food waste a day, an amount sufficient to feed 4.5 million people a day In total some 40 percent of all food in Japan ends up jn the garbage. And this occurs when 750.000 people in Japan lack food security and 60 percent of food is imported into the country Short sell-by dates for prepared foods often just several hours long at convenience stores--also Tesults in tremendous waste of perfectly good food. 双 Obyiously we need to pay more attention to shopping and eating habits. It is not uncommon for shoppers in the developed world to throw SWay as much ee

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英語 高校生

1、2の答えはなんでしょうか?お願いします。

英 癌に答えよ。 1. 次の英文を読み, yarious reasonS for the recent shortage of food on the world There are market。 One factor isS the extended drought* jn Australia,a major food exporter, This is almost certainly related to global warming. Another factor is the diversion of American corn and soybeans to biofuel production.。 Im 2007. over a quarter of US corn and a fifth of US soybeans were used for biofuels These trends coincided with an increase in the demand for food in China anq ーー India,ldue to economic growth, changing diets and increasing population。 At the に same time, farmland in many countries is being lost to urban development and Teson 1ana the amount of food which is produced is declining due to water shortages and, in China's case, to air and water pollution. Experts are now predicting a major global food crisis. Japan would seriously suffer from this problem when it comes to wheat and SMG which it depends heavily on imports to meet its needs. At the same tme 380.000 hectares of farmland are currently unused, due to an earlier program aimed at reducing rice surpluses. If these could be cultivated, they could help increase Japan's food security. Shortages are not the only concern with regard to food. ]apanese consumerSs also have to worry about the safety of the food they buy。 Many In 2007.a number of people were sickened by gyoz2 dumplings imported from China that were contaminated* mwith a banned pesticide. The mass media then drew attention to the fact that imports contain 則egal pesticides and food additives owing to staff shortages, only one tenth of all imported food was being inspected py quarantine oficers* among Which processed foods were not included。 The discovery』 in imported American beef of a material banned because of its ink t pk べM85(950)

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