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英語 高校生

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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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英語 中学生

1945年の4月1日に始まった沖縄戦の間アメリカ軍の島への上陸があり, 80人以上の沖縄の人々が洞窟 に避難したあとその中で自殺したと考えられています。 がこの一文の訳なのですが、believedは何に訳されているのでしょうか??

t forced to commit suicide in the closing days of World War II, police have said. The boys, between the ages of 16 and 19, have said that they destroyed two *signboards and origami paper cranes left by visitors to the Chibichirigama cave between Sept. 5 and last Tuesday, police said Friday. 着 During the *Battle of Okinawa, which started on April 1, 1945, with the landing of the U.S. *army on the island, more than 80 Okinawa people were believed to commit suicide in the cave after taking *refuge there. Similar cases of suicide took place at other places during the battle. Family members of those people who killed themselves at the site during the war discovered the damage last Tuesday and reported it to police. Norio Yonaha, 63, who lost five members of his family in the suicide, told reporters that this was “an *insult to the people who died" there. Bottles and vases left behind by the dead people were also damaged. About 100,000 people, or almost a quarter of the local people, died in the three-month ground battle in Okinawa between the Japanese army and the U.S. army. In total, more than 200,000 (life) were lost, *including those of Americans. (2017, September 16). Japan Times Can you see “Chibichirigama” in the news report? “Gama” means “cave” in Okinawa. We can see natural gama here and there in Okinawa. Himeyurinotou is built on top of one of these gama. During World War II, gama were used as *trenches by the Japanese army and as places of refuge by Okinawa people. [ 7 ] because they had nothing to eat and no medicine for *wounds and sickness. Many were killed by the U.S. army who burned people to death. [ ] because they spoke Okinawa words. Some babies were also killed because they (cry). Many had to commit suicide because the Japanese army ordered then didn't stop to do so. [], but not always. In fact, there were lots of people who died in gama. Gama te us how terrible war is. NAZ

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英語 高校生

時間を意識して解きたいのですが、目安時間が分からないです。偏差値60を近いうちの目標にしている者です。 これは400 word 神奈川大学の問題です。記述が4問、選択が2問という点も考慮して目安時間を教えて頂けると嬉しいです。お願いします。

400 words/ Unit 7-Language - 1 All over the world, there are hundreds of languages that will soon disappear, some of them spoken only by a single person. "Languages are now dying at a faster rate than ever before," said David Harrison, a professor of language studies. Harrison has traveled the world to interview the last speakers of languages that are in danger of disappearing. 5 2 Bolivia* has a far greater variety of languages than all the countries of Europe combined. but they are increasingly threatened by dominant languages such as Spanish. In Bolivia, Harrison met with people who have used certain plants as medicine since the time of the Inca Empire*. Besides a common local language, they also maintain a secret language to name thousands of plants used as medicines, some unknown to science. 10 3 (1) When a language is lost, centuries of human thinking about such things as animals and plants may be lost with it. Eighty percent of existing species have not yet been discovered by science. However, (2) this does not mean that they are unknown to humans, because the people who live close to them know those species (3)intimately. They often have more detailed ways of classifying them than science does. 15 4 In Micronesia*, there are a handful of people who can sail across thousands of kilometers of ocean without any modern instruments of navigation. Their languages have a special set of terms for these skills. If their languages are lost, (4)their navigational skills will be lost, too. 5 Children are often the ones who decide to abandon a native tongue. "(5)It's actually the children, not the parents, who have the power to make the decision that will affect the 20 community and the future of their language," Harrison said. He was encouraged by an experience he had in Australia, when he watched a woman in her eighties teaching her language to schoolchildren. She was one of only three speakers of an aboriginal* language. The lesson was about plants which are used as medicine in aboriginal culture. 6 "The children had chosen to learn the language - no one forced them. When we 25 asked why they were learning it, they said, 'This is a dying language. We need to learn it.' The woman waved the plants in front of the children and said something in her language about them, which they repeated. It was an amazing thing to watch her communicate that knowledge to the children. That inspired us greatly." quor 左の英文を読み、下の各問いに答えなさい。 ごとの SPONS 1. 下線部 (1) を日本語に直しなさい。 ただし, it が何を指すのかわかるようにすること。 下線部 (3) の意味として最も適切なものを選びなさい。 [3. with a deep knowledge 3 in one's private life 2. 下線部 (2) を日本語に直しなさい。 ただし, this が何を指すのかわかるようにすること。 5. 下線部 (5) を日本語に直しなさい。 3050 in a friendly manner 4 in secret 4. 下線部 (4) はどのような技術か, 日本語で説明しなさい。 2x030 D 6. 本文の内容に合うものを2つ選びなさい。 Harrison has traveled even in dangerous places to interview the last speakers of disappearing languages. The total number of languages in Bolivia alone is larger than that of all the languages used in Europe. From a scientific point of view, the medical plants used in Bolivia have little value. An old woman in Australia was teaching her language to children, but they did not want to learn it. The old woman was teaching not only her language, but also her knowledge about medical plants in her aboriginal culture. istory Culture anguage ociety Health Science Nature

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