9行目のitが何を指しているかということと、have been thinkingが完了進行形の受動態として使われているのか、be動詞の完了形でthinkingが名詞として使われているのかわからないので教えて頂きたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

10 5 おかれる a 不気味 71 1/In a disgusting series of experiments in the early 1960s, a surgeon in America cut open the heads of monkeys and removed their brains. サ ◎Then he placed each brain on an apparatus specially designed to V3 C 機能する supply it with nutrients that would keep it alive] It seemed to work. (1) VS 0 C Brain waves were produced as they would be from a living brain 文理由 (付帯も precace 「被っているので省略さ ことが多 lasは前のもので内容が However deprived of any kind of sensory input no sights nor sounds, つまり no tastes nor smells, no touching nor feeling, no pleasure nor pain its thinking must/necessarily have been limited to memories and したにちがいない abstractions. Indeed, it may not have been thinking at all. <In most してないかもしれない animals, partial sensory deprivation can lead to hallucinations*, and ☆文を切りはす 狂気 extreme deprivation to madness, the “thoughts” of the monkey's brain can Fed lead to よくこびmay not have been meaningful or clear thoughts, but nerve cells firing randomly. M XC 1つの出来事 動名

injection of healing cells① the idea that curing cells➁ 上は、治療細胞なのに 下は細胞を治す になるんですが、この違いは何なんでしょうか？ １枚目写真の上から三段目ー① ２枚目の写真の下から二段目ー➁

英文 11 It was a miracle of almost biblical* proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed" had walked again after an injection of healing immune cells called macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative* steps. 12

上から 3段目のヒーリングについてです。 私はここを 意味上の動詞（言い方間違ってたらすいません。）だと思いました 。つまり 免疫細胞を治すような注射という風に訳したわけです。 しかし 、和訳では治癒効果のある免疫細胞、となっていました 。 なぜここでは 意味上の動詞のよ... 続きを読む

11 脊髄再生医療 |英文] had 1 It was a miracle of almost biblical* proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed* walked again after an injection of healing immune cells called macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative+ steps.

2段落目の2行目についてです。 和訳を見たところ、ミカル シュワルツの研究に基づいて設立された、とあります。 ここで、"基づいて "は英文中のfound onのことなんでしょうか？

11 脊髄再生医療 英文] 11 It was a miracle of almost biblical proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed had called walked again after an injection of healing immune cells macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, = paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative steps. 12 Five years on, the status of those dreams remains unclear. Proneuron Biotechnologies, a Los Angeles-based company founded on the back of the research of lead investigator Michal Schwartz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, is expected soon to release the results of an initial trial of the procedure on eight patients with spinal injuries. Media reports have indicated that some patients have recovered some feeling and movement, but many researchers do not expect a repeat of the rodent miracle. Indeed, they claim that at least one group has since tried, and failed, to reproduce Schwartz's original animal results.

their hopesが、意味上の主語と書いてありますが、これは単なる従属節の中の主語じゃないですか？ I ask him to write the essay.とかならhimが意味上の主語になるのがわかるんですが、、

テーマ 専門性 11 脊髄再生医療 [英文 1 It was a miracle of almost biblical* proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed* had walked again after an injection of healing immune cells called macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, 5 paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative* steps. 12 Five years on the status of those dreams remains unclear

写真三枚目の波線部についてです。 本来与えられた正常に機能する遺伝子 とかいてありますが、本来、のニュアンスとはどこからきているんですか？

hi 56 18 Capecchi and Smithies both quickly saw that ES cells offered an opportunity to generate live animals with a desired mutation in every cell. Researchers could target genes in ES cells and then sort out the

下線部④を省略されている語句を補って完全な分にしなさい。 という問題です！ 教えてください！Why notじゃだめなんですか？(´❛-❛`)

13 Reading Reading 104 /320 /100 /12 Recipe Listening 探検家のグレイはなぜ、高級ホテルに入れてもらえなかったのでしょうか? Richard Gray was a famous explorer". He was also a millionaire". He had visited every country in the world. Last year he decided to walk across Red Devil Valley, the hottest place on Earth. He walked for days over the hot desert sand. One night he found the place that he had camped in the day before. Gray had walked (). He was lost. Two days later he had drunk all his water. He couldn't walk. He crawled" to the top of a sand dune* and saw a man. The man was wearing clean trousers, a white shirt, and a tie. Gray crawled over to him. 4 "Water, water," he said. "I'm terribly sorry," replied the man, "but I haven't got any water with me." "Help me!" shouted Gray. "I'm a millionaire. I'll give you anything." That's very nice of you," said the man. "Look, I can't give you any water, but would you like to buy my tie?" NO 45 "A tie? Of course ()!" screamed Gray, and crawled away. He crawled slowly up the next sand dune. His lips were cracked and dry. When he reached the top of the dune, is he saw a huge luxury hotel. People were swimming in the huge swimming pool. There were beautiful fountains everywhere. "Is it a mirage*?" he thought. He stood up and staggered down the dune. A porter in a white uniform came out of the door. "Water. Please!" screamed Gray. "I'm sorry, you can't go into this hotel," said the porter. Why not? I've got plenty of money." "Yes," replied the porter, "but you aren't wearing a tie." NOTES explorer: millionaire: 大金持ち (268 words) Red Devil Valley: 架空の土地の名前 sand dune: R crack･･･にひびを入らせる luxury ぜいたくな crawlはう mirage: LAK stagger: よろよろ歩く porter (ホテルの) ボーイ パート ごとの 959

（③）に入る語を文脈から考えて書きなさい。という問題です 訳分からないので教えてください！！( Ꙭ )

*13 Reading Reading Gramma /12 Recipe Listening /324 /10 /100 探検家のグレイはなぜ、高級ホテルに入れてもらえなかったのでしょうか? *(Richard Gray was a famous explorer". He was also a millionaire". He had visited every country in the world. Last year he decided to walk across Red Devil Valley", the hottest place on Earth. He walked for days over the hot desert sand. One night he found the place that he had camped in the day before. Gray had walked ( ). He was lost. Two days later he had drunk all his water. He couldn't walk. He crawled" to the top of a sand dune* and saw a man. The man was wearing clean trousers, a white shirt, and a tic. Gray crawled over to him. "Water, water," he said. "I'm terribly sorry," replied the man, "but I haven't got any water with me." "Help me!" shouted Gray. "I'm a millionaire. I'll give you anything." That's very nice of you," said the man. "Look, I can't give you any water, but would you like to buy my tie?" "A tie? Of course ()!" screamed Gray, and crawled away. He crawled slowly up the next sand dune. His lips were cracked and dry. When he reached the top of the dune, is he saw a huge luxury hotel. People were swimming in the huge swimming pool. There were beautiful fountains everywhere. "Is it a mirage*?" he thought. He stood up and staggered down the dune. A porter" in a white uniform came out of the door. "Water. Please!" screamed Gray. "I'm sorry, you can't go into this hotel," said the porter. "Why not? I've got plenty of money." "Yes," replied the porter, "but you aren't wearing a tie." 20 (268 words) NOTES explorer: crawl: はう millionaire: 大金持ち Red Devil Valley: 架空の土地の名前 sand dune: E crack... にひびを入らせる luxury ぜいたくな stagger: よろよろ歩く porter: (ホテルの) ボーイ mirage しん気楼 パート ごとの 150

3、 4、教えて下さい。 わかる方は5もお願いします。

⑤5 図1〜図4のように, 長方形ABCDがあり、宇 辺AB上に点Pを、 辺CD上に点R を, AP = CR と なるようにとる。 さらに, 辺BC上に点Qを目1) 辺AD上に点Sを,四角形PQRSが平行四辺形と なるようにとる。このとき,次の問いに答えなさ い。 問1 図1の平行四辺形PQRSは,どのような条 件が加わるとひし形になるか。 次の①~④の中 から1つ選び,その番号を書け。手 ① <P=∠Q ② PQIPS 3) PR=QS PQ=PS TE 問2 図1において, APS ≡△CRQであるこ とを証明せよ。 A E$181. 問3図2のように, AB=2cm, AD = 3cmとす る。 四角形PQRSがひし形となり, AS=2cm のとき, 線分APの長さは何cmか。 B B 問4 図 3. 次のページの図4のように、点P, R をそれぞれ点B, D と一致するようにとる。 四角形PQRSがひし形となり ZSPQ=60°のとき、次の(1) (1) 辺ABの長さは何cmか。 図2 さ さ TUO LUAT L A P 2cm 34-LOR O S637731 NOASTAASIAST (2)に答えよ。年会 (SHASA - 3cm 2cm B (P) a 図3 CAST 8√3 A BQ (sar OASE し 60, 60° Q S SD H 10 PQ=8,3cm,305/10 8√3cm Z R C 20 DES R SY SH D(R) 2 660 C C

写真１枚目の英文の説明（写真３枚目）について。 要はこの説明、キメラ同士掛け合わせてできた子供（ES細胞由来の遺伝子ある）をまたさらにかけ合わせればもうそれは純粋なES細胞由来の生物が生まれるってことですか？前後の文も要望あれば記載させていただきます。

Lcells, she says. 17 A few years later Evans and his colleagues showed that they could produce live mice by injecting cultured ES cells into a developing 50 embryo. The result is a chimera, an animal whose tissues are a mix of T the ES cells and those from the host embryo. In many of those chimeras, the added ES cells by chance produce the animal's sperm or eggs, and when these chimeras mate, some of their offspring carry the stem cells' genes in all their tissues.