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数学 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

大学 幾何学 専門の方からすると基本問題と伺ったのですが、私が文系大学生ということもあり、何も解答を出せません。 解答を出していただけますと幸いです。 3題のうち1題だけでもとても嬉しいです。 よろしくお願いいたします。

1. S2 = {(x,y,z) ∈ R3 | x2 + 42 + 22 = 1} を単位球面とし, R3 のry平面を自然に R2 と同一 視する: {(x, y,0) | (x, y) = R²} ↔ R², (x, y,0) ↔ (x, y). “北極” (0,0,1) 以外の各点 p∈ S2 に対し, p と (0,0,1) を結ぶ直線と xy平面との交点を n(p) とすることで 写像 ゆN: S2\{(0,0,1)} → R2 が定まる. これを北極からの立体射影とよぶ.同様に,p∈ S2\{(0,0,-1)} と “南極” (0,0,-1) を結ぶ直線を考えることで, 南極からの立体射影 $s: S2 \{(0,0,-1)} → R? ができる.これらにより与えられる球面の二つの“地図”(局所座標)の間の変換 son²を 考えよう.この座標変換の定義域 (すなわち ♀N の行き先の R2 の中の適当な開集合) 上の 座標軸に平行な直線たち Lk={(x,k)|n∈R}, L'k={(k,y)|y∈R}(k= -2,-1,0,1,2) (下の図を参照) を pson でうつしてできる曲線の絵を描け. L2 L1 Lo L_1 L-2 I'_2I'_L' LL'2 son の式を計算して求めても、 作図によって求めても良い. 答えだけではなく, 理由も (読み手が理解できるように) 説明すること.

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英語 高校生

下から5行目のit would~の文構造がわからないです。back upはどのような働きをしているのでしょうか。 教えて頂けるとありがたいです。

A Makeover for Hoover Dam Hydropower has attracted increasing attention in recent years as a renewable type of clean energy. As long as a suitable water source is available, hydropower facilities are usually good investments, producing energy in a manner that generates far less air pollution and CO2 emissions than fossil fuels do. The most common way to generate hydropower is to trap water at a high elevation behind a dam so it can be released and used to spin turbines below, which, in turn, power electricity-producing generators. However, hydropower has its drawbacks. Droughts and increased water consumption have reduced the flow of many rivers. As rivers become shallower, the necessary volume of water for electricity difficult to maintain, and power supply and generation is dependability are negatively impacted. more Variability in water levels has particularly affected Hoover Dam, a mega-scale hydropower facility in the US state of Nevada. Built in the 1930s at enormous expense to control the frequently flooding Colorado River and maintain a water supply for farmland irrigation, the dam's hydropower capabilities were seen as a way to recover some of the costs of its construction over the long term. The dam's electricity-generating capacity, however, was challenged from the start by seasonal variability in water flow, and in recent years has been greatly reduced by droughts. Combining hydropower with other alternative energy sources, though, may offer a solution. Solar and wind plants can produce enormous amounts of electricity, but one serious downside is that the energy they produce is not available when there is little sun or wind. While conventional batteries can help with this issue, storing such tremendous volumes of electricity has long been a challenge. A recently proposed system for Hoover Dam could provide an answer, though. The plan suggests building a new pumping station that would be powered by both wind and solar. It would push water from the river back up to Hoover Dam, refilling the lake behind it. The water could be released anytime to power the dam's generators in order to reliably meet demand for electricity. Kelly Sanders, an engineering professor at the University of Southern California, is enthusiastic about the storage plan, saying, "We by the p replace fo solat als are st ons to the What is 1 Inst inves 2 WE dams 3 A neg sys 1 en

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