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元子 The (1)"rare earth elements are a group of 17 metallic elements that are found in the natural 元子 world. Because these elements are used in all sorts of high-tech devices, they are increasingly 全種類 倍増した in demand. In fact, the use of these metals nearly doubled between the years 2000 and 2010. d Despite the name, the quantity of these elements is not so low. Some recent reports have 主張した claimed that the amount of rare earth elements may be on the same level as that of copper* or Even though the elements exist throughout the world, however, the quantity is not LAUOPUS OS sufficient* for mining* profitably* in each location. Moreover, these elements are usually mixed lead*. with other elements, making it difficult to remove them. This explains why they have been called (8) (A) „‚Â#881‡3 GANEUS $0 01X$&NOS "rare" earth elements. (8) jud (A) Jon Despite an ever-growing demand, few countries are mining for these metals on a large scale. bhup gnis91 sus abnsmab 19 (A) jos ei said ino NO One country, China, now handles more than 90% of all mining for rare earth metals. Other Jadi seu ingim owied 参 in di o ogsmeh, countries have not entered this business in part because of In oro guiauso juodhiw moi because of (2) the environmental problems th ANS) OW IGERS allesimonoss maci pruxs of lola su od son ob enido merla corto prinanvoo can occur. Extracting the metals creates a lot of waste, including radioactive* waste from >tojat DEROXA uranium*, thorium* and other elements located in the mining area. poswad belduob vlison and anomals die ve dost-dgid to edmund oros bas The growing need for rare earth metals may convince some countries to expand their mining. bsol 10 190900 2 von dem som vas a su amals drus ma maldong nista on jonzi blow di metavond zimnelo drusele viirusno leuns afte Running out of rare earth metals is not the concern, however. Rather, the question is whether 2 lo word of mine anomals dre His ch 21810 i asıl yainuas vino odo at smidƆ> vob dost-deid ni bozu.ad no vod! they can be obtained without too high of an economic or environmental cost. ololo alam russ

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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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