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英語 高校生

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講 Do you use *'sicky notes? They are used by many people in schools, offces and homes every day They appeared jn the world through the inspiration and hard work of two scientists. You may be surprised to hear that it took fhem twelve years to develop this simple product. 了 Dr Spencer Silver was a scientst at an American company, In 1968, while he was trying to make a strong *“glue, he invented Something unique by accident。 j stuck well to things, but 江 Was Weak enough to be taken off easily It was not the glue Dr Silver was hoping to make, but he didnt believe that せ as a complete failare、 He asked his “Ycoworkers if his glue had any use, but no one was interested in 3 Im 1974 Dr Art Fry, another scienttst at the same company, had a problem. When he sang in church, his *?bookmarks always fell out of his songbook. Then he remembered Tr Silvers inventon. He put the glue on the back of some small pieces of ape They were the frst shcky bookmarks. Although they were very useful Je did not think fhey would sell well, because they could be used again and again. 3 One day Dr Ery wrote some questons on a small piece of paper He put some glie on the back of this note and stuck it on a report He sent the report to another scientist. The scientist wrote his answers on the note and sent it back、 In this way Dr. Fry found another use for Dr. Silver's invention 一 it could help people cormmunicate with each other. The two scientists started to work together to sell the sHcky notes as a new たを product. Im 1978, fhey gave free *"samples to many people in a city in "Tdaho. Almost everyone who tried the product said that they Hiked it By 1980 it was sold everywhere in fhe United States. Now the sticky notes are used al over the world. ・331 words :

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英語 高校生

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TPidgim Emgish Wiar happcms win people necd to communicate but have no cemmon angnagef Youmay ja aken par in coavertions sak as tBiS er perhaps youve witmeswed on fmm a ore comfortablc distance. They gesturc. they talk with their hands and feet. and 一 somewhat surprisingly 一 they speak. as well. That is surprising becasse they really cannot hope tbat amyopc w山 undcrstand much morc than their moodLif hr or she camt undcrstand thr languagr_ But they go ahead and speak anyway. and we can understand bits and pieces of what they say by paying clow attcnGon to thc rrst of the communicstem A がggiz is a simplihied form of language dcvclopcd by speakkcrs who otherwise share no omon languamw This means oi course that pidgins begin in mmultiingual* stuations 一 where ai least two. and more likcly seweral languagcs cocxist. ( ) ). pidgins spring up in rading rmters or in areas umdcr industriabzation (including agricultursl industmahzation. tbat plantanion) They develop bere because the opportuniies for trade and work attractlarge mambers or people with diEernt native tongues Thc term pidgin dcvlopcd from apidgin pronumciatiop of busness: busncss Engish became pidgin English・ A pidgin in the technical snsc is a sort oflanguage scrving the meeds of a community. Thus a pidgn is not simply thc brokcn Engiish of a waiter in a ipreign restaurant (who spcaks his native language with his co-worikers). por is it an idiots verson ofa language. or a kind of inevitable deterioration* in tbe bands of barbarians*。 ( づ )。 robably the morc intelieeat and ambidoms people in s culpure who master the cpcrsy and couragw needed for the move to an industrial or market amea Somc pcopks gcl that pidgins smc wag becatsc cf the Best snd os way they py with hc structural patterns of their basc language。 In a scnsr.the charge is correct pidgins have no respect for the grammars of tbeir base angrages But 下i doesnt make pidgins wrong since he radical simphification we find in pidgins servcs a worthwisls gpal- communicahon。 Because ofits simple structure a pidgin is easier to learn than other languagcs_ By providing a means of communication in a community. it fac抽tates tbe integration* of newcomers who would have a much more dificult time larning a standard Europcan language_ Tinaly. mdgins rc a reahty whosc cxistcpce is pot bject to dkbate。 Tbcr re dozeps of dgins. many of which show no signs of dying out Since tey arisc sponiapeously wherever people need to talk. pidgins probably represcnt the primative communication system out of which our more respected modern languages dcveloped。 This fact alonc makes them wel orth our attenton aped tom umeaer rax 3 cawos pe 23rの4 ne Os Se tee Dame e Leezaet ras ea PT ーッー

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