fについてです 解説が載っていなかったため質問しています、。 なぜ、③を選ぶことができるのでしょうか？

Long-s doctrin holds that we are protected from fungi not just by layered immune defenses but ( e ) we are mammals*, with core temperatures higher than fungi prefer. The cooler outer surfaces of our bodies are at risk of minor assaults-think of athlete's foot*, yeast infections, ringworm*-but in people with healthy immune systems, invasive* infections have been ( f ). That may have left us overconfident. "We have an enormous (g) spot," says Arturo Casadevall, a physician and molecular microbiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Walk into the street and ask people what are they afraid of, and they'll tell you they're afraid of bacteria, they're afraid of viruses, but they don't fear dying of fungi." Ironically, it is our successes that made us vulnerable*. Fungi exploit damaged immune systems, but before the mid-20th century people with impaired immunity didn't live very long. Since then, medicine has gotten very good at keeping such people (h), even though their immune systems are compromised by illness or cancer treatment or age. It has also developed an array of therapies that deliberately suppress immunity, to keep transplant recipients healthy and treat autoimmune* disorders such as lupus* and rheumatoid arthritis*. ( i ) vast numbers of people are living now who are especially vulnerable to fungi. Not all of our vulnerability is the fault of medicine preserving life so successfully. Other ( j ) actions have opened more doors between the fungal world and our own. We clear land for crops and settlement and perturb* what were stable balances between fungi and their hosts. We carry goods and animals across the world, and fungi hitchhike on them. We drench crops in fungicides* and enhance the resistance of organisms residing nearby. (s) ELSE

考えても分からなかったので教えて欲しいです！

4 Choose the underlined part that is INCORRECT and correct each error. (4点×6) (1) Linguistics systematically studies the structure and meaning of language by examine data and doing experiments. (\k7★ &) ( C ) → ( examing 数日 以前は ) (2) It used to take several days to travel by ship from New York to London, but jet 数時間 a b airplanes are now enough fast to make the trip in several hours. [共立女子大 改] ( ) → ( ) (3) When he went abroad on business last week, he couldn't make himself a ¿understand in English. くつかの 〔二松学舎大改〕 〔 ) → ( (4) Knowing several languages are helpful if you want to work in Europe. a [d] → (te werking, (5) I am sorry to have kept you waited. I should have left home ten minutes earlier. [広島修道大〕 〔 〕→( ) (6) Tokyo introduced its own lodging tax in October, charged 100 to 200 yen per b a person. 〔関西外国語大 改〕〔 〕→( )

（B）の英文、一回目のhave beenでは 〜された で訳してるけど、２回目の have been では 〜している で訳してるのはなぜですか？ ｢多くの動植物が狩られたり採集されたりしているので、消滅の危機にさらされている種もいる｣と訳したのですがだめですか？🙇‍♂️

2 公 threatening the health of the people who depend on them. So (B) many animals and plants have been hunted or collected that some species have been driven to the point of disappearance. 5

やじるし部分のこたえを教えてほしいです

New Words ☐ canned [kænd] ☐ feed [fi:d] newsletter [n(jú:zlètǝr] specially [spéfǝli] emergency [imardzǝnsi] freshly [fréfli] ☐ originate [aridzanéit] baker [beikar ☐ victim [viktim] Odistribute [distribju:t] depressing [diprésiŋ] You are reading a newsletter article about canned bread. Canned Bread to Feed the rid Have you ever heard of canned bread? This specially pa bread is designed as emergency food. When you open the can tastes as delicious as freshly baked bread. The idea of canned bread originated in the Great Hans Awaji Earthquake of 1995. Immediately after the earthqua a baker named Akimoto Yoshihiko baked 2,000 rolls and s them to the victims. A few days later, he got bad news. Half the rolls went bad before they could be distributed to people need. Therefore, they were thrown away. Akimoto G1 disappointed to hear that. G1 G1 A little while later, one of the earthquake victims said to hi "It was so depressing to have only hard biscuits to eat. I'd like to create bread that keeps for a long time but stays saf G1 Akimoto decided to rise to the challenge. 72 1. What did Mr. Akimoto do immediately after the earthquake? 2. What happened to the rolls that Mr. Akimoto sent? 3. What did Mr. Akimoto decide to create? Opinion 1. Have you ever eaten canned bread? If you have, how did it taste? If you haven't, what do you think it tastes like? go bad ex. The milk will go bad if you don't put it in the fridge. rise to the challenge ex. Our team rose to the challenge and won the tournament.

分詞の問題です。教えてください。

C [] に入る最も適切なものを (a)~(d)から1つずつ選びなさい。 (2点×4=8 1. Arriving at the station, [ 2. Not knowing what to say, 3. Using this system, [ 4. Seen from here, [ ]. 1. ]. ]. (a) you will get your work done quickly (b) that rock looks like a monkey (c) I kept silent (d) I found my train had left

下線部（1）の文構造が分かりません。特に2行目の文構造が分かりません。強調のdoであることは分かりますが、その後のthat以降が関係詞？かすらも分からないので、誰か教えて下さい！

次の英文は1991年に出版された本からのもので、 研究分野としての「人工知 能」 (Artificial Intelligence) について述べています。 下線部(1)~(3)を日本語に訳 しなさい。 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Just about the only characterization of Al that would meet with universal acceptance is that it involves trying to make machines do tasks which are normally seen as requiring intelligence. There are countless refinements of this characterization: what sort of machines we want to consider; how we decide what tasks require intelligence and so on. One of the most important questions concerns the reasons why we want to make machines do such tasks. AI has always been split between people who want to make machines do tasks that require intelligence because they want more useful machines, and people who want to do it because they see it as a way of exploring how humans do such tasks. We will call the two approaches the engineering approach and the cognitive-science respectively. (2) (1) approach The techniques required for the two approaches are not always very different. For many of the tasks that engineering AI wants solutions to, the only systems we know about that can perform them are humans), so that, at least initially, the obvious way to design solutions is to try to mimic what we know about humans. For many of the tasks that cognitive-science Al wants solutions to, the evidence on how humans do them is too hard to interpret to enable us to construct computational models, so the only approach is to try to design solutions from scratch" and then see how well they fit what we know about humans. The main visible difference between the two approaches is in (3) their criteria for success; an engineer would be delighted to have create something that outperformed a person; a cognitive scientist would regard it as a failure. -1- M7 (492-61

なぜ、I don’t have any sister. のsisterはsをつけるのでしょうか？

名詞の前にthe や a をつくことが多いんですがthe や a がつくときとつかないときの違いとthe と aのつけるときの区別の仕方を教えて頂きたいです😖

先頭にtodayが着いたら訳は 今日も で合っていますか？

5 extinction. Today they are facing many such as climate change and human activities. It is difficult for endangered animals to survive in these nextant for us to understand this.

3.4枚目が問題文、5枚目が答え、1.2枚目は問題を解くときに必要な文です。 なぜこの答えになるのかがわからないので教えてください。 解くのは大変だと思うので、一問だけでも大丈夫です。

2 次は, 高校1年生の Yusuke が書いた英文です。 これを読んで、 問1~間6に答えなさい。*印 のついている語句には、本文のあとに 〔注〕があります。(34点) My father loves *dinosaurs and *fossils. He (he/them/in/collects/is/that/interested /so) dinosaur toys, small fossils and books about dinosaurs. I heard he tried to find fossils along the river with my grandparents when he was young. When I was younger, my family took me to the science museum every year. My father loved looking at the dinosaur fossils there, and he always explained them to me. So, I got interested in dinosaurs and fossils, too. My father has a restaurant near our house, and he displays some dinosaur teeth fossils in the restaurant. One day, he introduced one of his customers to me. The man, Mr. Shirai, also loved dinosaurs and fossils, and often visited museums all around the world, such as in America, Canada and China. He realized that my father was interested in the same things because of the fossils in the restaurant. They became good friends. One day in September, Mr. Shirai came to my father's restaurant and showed me a fossil. It was a beautiful fish fossil in a brown stone plate. I was surprised to see it, Mr. Shirai A me a lot about the fossil. He traveled to Germany to look for fossils, and he found many fossils there such as fish, animal bones and leaves. The area is very famous for "archaeopteryx fossils. I once saw a picture of the archaeopteryx fossil in a book, so I wanted to go to see the fossil in -4-