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S 1 時制の一致
1. I know (that) Tom is tired.
2. I knew (that) Tom was tired.
3. I know (that) Tom was tired.
4. I knew (that) Tom had been tired.
11 時制の一致の原則: 主節が表す時制が基準となって, 従属節の動詞の形が決まる。 主節の動
過去形であれば,それに合わせて従属節の動詞も過去形 (2) や過去完了形 (4) になる.
時制の一致と助動詞
BASER
注意
la) 過去形になるもの: will would, shall→should, can→could, may might
I am afraid that I may hurt her feelings.
→I was afraid that I might hurt her feelings.
b)変わらないもの:should, must, need, had better, ought to, used to
2 時制の一致の例外: 次のような場合,原則として 「時制の一致」 は適用されない.
5. We learned that the earth goes around the sun.
6. Jim said that he jogs every morning.
7. He didn't know that World War ⅡI broke out in 1939.
a) 真理・ことわざ (5) : 時に関わらず不変の事がらなので、 現在形のまま
b) 現在も変わらない事実習慣習性(→6): 現在形のまま
C) 歴史上の事実 (7) : 過去に起こったということが明らかなので、 過去形のまま
d) 仮定法: 非現実のことを述べるので,主節の時制の変化による影響を受けない.
He says that he would become a poet if he were born again.
+ He said that he would become a poet if he were born again.
11 斜体の
1) Jim
2) Yuji
3) She
4) I we
5) I he
6) I se
7) My
8) I t
2 次の
1) M
2) A
3) M
4)
5)
6)
3
1
