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の中から1つすつ世ばのでと
The Btart renguee9
@r ounde signgr an stures Ahat
Language can be 0 as a 凌?
DBS1 thini These
ng to all member9of a grOVP-
rel t the same 1 』
to represent things whether
)t of
Symbolic language considered a
animalsjs considered 1
人
to what can be detected 2 the senseS
responding to the presence/of the stranger. It cannot express its attitude toward
strangere without a stranger at hand. Dog appear capable/of expressing wiya、
名w basic ideas 一 hostihity, affection, hunger, the desire to staorる0, andる few
others. ike many other animals, dogs seem able to communicate only about the
0 example。 a dog wants to go outside, 志
! <4有な
simple ttersandin( 20
may scratch a door hine.
Tt is not known when humans frst discovered the symbolic power (ef
。 VariOuS theorieWfabout this discovery Most involve
Janguage.)Phere are,/how
imagining a simple てoincidence of events: a primitiye man dg for clam(en 8
utterances are used
skil. 19
t is thought to consistoE response)
2 。 dog barks at a strangery2 記
beachl As he digs, he makes sounds,人At one oint, he bites into an especially tasty
clam. Thenext aound he makes he associates with the pleasant experiencc oftaste)
He ponte to the clam/and makes the sound agan, einforcingthe sound witha
21 ),they have a sound to
smile @ pleasure) His companions understand. (
someone they
use for suggesting that it is time to go clam
have found a good clam.
