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words 1
/skin/
sékfon/
/tifu:/
míərm/
ases 1
ger A
be necessary for you to give up any in in the near future.
research studies
G-A
2 Today, an incredible number
been carried out all over the world this field. Scientists a
working very hard and competing with one another to come u
with faster and safer ways to create tissues such as skin from
3 At this point, one of the leading scientists in this area is D
the patient's own body cells.
a medica
Yamanaka Shinya of Kyoto University. He was first
doctor who treated back injuries, broken limbs, damaged joints
and such. One day, he saw a woman with a serious disease
in her joints. He was so shocked when he saw her swollen
scientist. He
misshapen joints that he decided to become a
went into a basic study in order to find good ways to treat those
ords 2
mpí:t/
ses 2
ther
rds 3
crí:t/
Səri/
fm/
ant/
on/
on/
s 3
ch
iPS Cells
1 If you have badly burned or red your skin, the doct
may have to take a section of g skin from your back a
Thanks to a
growing
however, it may no long
medi
sew it onto the injured area.
technology called tissue engineeri:
A
w Wor
sed R
6 The i
and injuri
damaged
were ot
5 doctor
very s
into i
they we
7 Dr
10 tissue
cells u
meth
day t
in th
15 Tho
patients suffering from serious diseases and injuries.
4 One way to create tissue is to use egg cells, which have the
ability to grow into any tissue in the body such as hair or muscle.
This method, however, has produced a lot of debate. Many
think it is wrong to treat live eggs as objects and then “kill
them, even though the purpose is to treat patients. In addition
people fear that this method could lead to human cloning.
5 For years, Dr. Yamanaka and his research team worked
hard to find a different way to create tissue. Then, in 2007.
they finally succeeded in creating heart muscle tissue from
skin cells taken from a person's face. They first added four
kinds of genes to the skin cells to put them back into their
initial state, a state similar to egg cells. Then they made those
cells grow into heart muscle tissue. The four genes they found
are now called "Yamanaka Factors," and the initialized cells
that can grow into any of the 200 cell types are called iPS cells.
ma
20
on
18
th
r
25時
