この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

(2)の、They have easier to access.のhaveはここではなんの働きをしているのですか？

Lesson Our Lost Friend ➤ p.150 Vocabulary discuss~L/B) ~を話し合う The British Museum welcomed the delegation/ and discussed their proposal In the end, / the museum offered to let Hoa Hakananai'a return, / but only as a 2 loan. // They refused to give it back permanently. // The museum did not deny / that the moai had been taken without the islanders` permission, / so why didn't they immediately agree to return it? // From the point of view of the museum, / there are good reasons to keep the statue. // the security and controlled Since Easter Island does not have ② environmental conditions that the British Museum has, the statue is safer in London. // The statue can now be seen by many more people than on a remote island. // Scholars have easier access to the statue. // Moreover, some people argue / that the moai deserves to be a world heritage object. // 5 These reasons make sense. // However, the fact remains / that Hon Hakananai'a was taken without permission and is still held against the people's will. // So, many people / -not only the Rapa Nui- / question the museum's reasoning. // proposal lóan dený point of view good reasons. 貸与物 を否定する ~を Section 3 正当な理由 Reading Points 以下のことを考えながら読んでみよう。 it back colo (2) 大英博物館が所有を主張する根拠に 多いのは、どのような事実があるからですか、 6 scholar access □argue動~だと主張する héritage object make sense (0) (167 words) their prom h the en offer to that 12 ★G-2 6 son des Will K €

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[4] Read the instructions and write a well-organized answer in English. (50 points) Partly due to the recent spread of the new coronavirus, some museums, especially small and medium-sized facilities, have been forced to close their doors or restrict admission to their facilities. A survey conducted by the Japan Association of Museums in 2021 revealed the severe business conditions of museums nationwide. ETTU However, museum education* has a lot to offer to the public at large Describe a no single specific thing the museums can offer to the public that contributes to the improvement of their lives. Explain your idea in detail in about 100 English words. onu boycloeb ton as ilsati matave, Notes: 8) esw gnidt slodw add o2 Jom erw zbioresuit lensi nist:95 museum education*: Museum education program means utilizing the resources donese noise aeder moT of the art, science, or history museums, aquariums or bide cobrol ni board nou zoos for formal or informal learning opportunities for the gaibaste pidot robsond sal citizens. bai de noqo ad bluoda inomaisvos d Tom & al 9tedt siqabg sdi 6 nobennoint vom shivong has anoisiluznos }

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以下に示した表は、 ABC社(ABC Company) が実 施したアンケート調査 (questionnaire) の結果で す。この表について、以下の①~④の4つのポイン トを盛り込んで100語程度の英語でまとまりのある 説明文を書きなさい。 コンマやピリオドは語数に 含めません。 解答欄の最初の()に語数を記入しな さい｡ 【盛り込むポイント】 ① アンケート調査の概要 ( 「質問内容」 「回答者」 「調査手段」 など) ②回答選択肢(1) について ③回答選択肢(5) に見られる 「男女の回答割合の違 い」について ④回答選択肢(6) に見られる 「男女の回答割合の違 い」 について 【調査の概要】 1. 対象:日本全国の20歳以上の男女 (回答者数 3,954名) 2. 方法: インターネット調査 3. 期間: 2008年2月12日~14日 4. 問い : 「ダイエットしようと思ったきっかけは 何ですか?｣ (複数回答を可とします)

英検準一級 21年度第2回のライティング 添削をお願いしたいです🙇🏻‍♀️🙇🏻‍♀️ 少しでもアドバイスとか直すところあったら教えてください🙏🏻

BAJAX- • Write an essay on the given TOPIC. • Use TWO of the POINTS below to support your answer. 4 • Structure: introduction, main body, and conclusion Suggested length: 120-150 words • Write your essay in the space provided on Side B of you answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded. epion TOPICsoria-algte is refpee poltron € 189 Is it beneficial for workers to change jobs often? of yllutoisa netail.l Resche Come back to Speak with his secretary, om POINTS Career goals CO • Motivation • The economy Working conditions The $1169 brachtibotliwon2 I obind or awond vloed o2 S dagnakap masligouldauechubserleri Kain a theq I ok

解答が無くて困ってます 答え教えてもらえると助かります

ⅡI. 次の英文の空欄 ( 11 ) から ( 30 )に入る最も適切な語句を, a.〜d.の中から 1つ選びなさい。 解答は解答用紙1枚目 (マークシート方式)の所定の解答欄にマークし なさい。 Huy Fong Foods, the southern California company that produces 20 million bottles of sriracha (1) annually, has experienced a low ( 11 ) of red jalapeño chili peppers in recent years made worse by spring's crop failure. What is the cause? ( 12 ) weather and drought (2) conditions in Mexico. It's not (13) chili peppers. Mustard producers in France and Canada said extreme weather caused a 50% reduction in seed production last year, ( 14 ) to a shortage of the condiment on grocery store shelves. Blistering heat, stronger storms, droughts, floods, fires and changes in rainfall (15) are also affecting the cost and availability of staples, including wheat, corn, coffee, apples, chocolate and wine. The climate crisis is increasing the intensity and ( 16 ) of extreme weather events — and it's putting food production at risk. "Almost everything we grow and ( 17 ) in the US is facing some climatic stress," said Carolyn Dimitri, nutrition and food studies professor at NYU. Wheat and other grain crops are particularly ( 18 ). In the Great Plains region, (19) most of the US's wheat is harvested, drought depressed the winter crop. Farmers are abandoning farmland used for growing winter wheat in the US-primarily in Texas and Oklahoma - at the highest rate since 2002. Meanwhile in Montana, flooding is (20) grain crops. The impact of the climate crisis on grain crops ( 21 ) beyond the US. In India, a fierce heatwave damaged the wheat crop ( 22 ) record-setting temperatures throughout the spring and summer. As Delhi hit 49°℃ in May, the government placed a ( 23 ) on wheat exports, driving up prices even further than the rise following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Food production is a driver of the climate crisis and a (24) of it. ( 25 ) the food system will require a wide variety of actions, including increasing crop diversity, delivering climate (26) to farmers around the world, expanding conservation programs and offering growers insurance that pays out when an index such as rain or wind speed falls above or below a fixed limit. The Biden administration is supporting research into "climate-smart" agriculture, an approach to managing cropland, forest, fisheries and cattle that attempts to address the intersecting challenges of the climate crisis and food ( 27 ). In May, the UN secretary general, António Guterres, said that climate-related disasters and extreme weather were a driver of global hunger and that 1.7 billion people ( 28 ) by the climate crisis over the last decade. Experts say (29) action is taken, we can expect to see increased food prices, decreased availability and conflict over water, which will primarily affect poorer countries and low-income Americans, (30) everything from school lunches to food aid programs. © Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2023 (1) sriracha (2) drought かんばつ 世界中で人気のチリソース

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[1] Hello, everyone. Today, I want to ( you had ( C ) sleep last night? Let's say, more than seven hours? Today's (d ) is going to (e effects of lack of sleep. 1. among 6. introduction A a 2. depend 7. many b a a ) a common problem ( b ) university students, lack of sleep. How many of ) on the causes and 2 5 [2] Finishing your assignments, preparing for exams, partying, or checking your smartphone these are the common (a ) why students stay up late. I understand that these are important ( b ) of university life. But today, I want to (c ) you that sleep actually ( d ). We need enough sleep because sleep deprivation can ( e ) seriously negative impacts on our health. 1. ask 2. become 7. parts 6. matters b 3. discuss 8. presentation 4 C 3. cause 8. questions C 4. enough 9. talk 4 C 4. convince 9. reasons 5. focus 10. to d 8 d [3] First, lack of sleep (a ) affects your physical health. Research has shown that sleep deprivation can impact the immune ( b ). Consequently, to fight infections becomes more difficult, and we become more likely to get sick after being exposed to a ( C ). Moreover, if you regularly follow a poor sleeping schedule, your risk of developing serious (d) conditions increases ( e ), such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. 1. medical 2. negatively 3. significantly 4. system b d 5. just 10. situations e 5. virus e 3 e 3

英語の選択問題を解いてみたのですが、自信が無いのでどなたか教えてくださると嬉しいです。 特に[1]と[2]が分かりません。

[1] Hello, everyone. Today, I want to ( you had ( C ) sleep last night? Let's say, more than seven hours? Today's (d ) is going to (e effects of lack of sleep. 1. among 6. introduction A a 2. depend 7. many b a 2 a ) a common problem ( b ) university students, lack of sleep. How many of ) on the causes and 5 [2] Finishing your assignments, preparing for exams, partying, or checking your smartphone these are the common (a ) why students stay up late. I understand that these are important ( b ) of university life. But today, I want to (c ) you that sleep actually ( d ). We need enough sleep because sleep deprivation can (e ) seriously negative impacts on our health. 1. ask 6. matters 2. become 7. parts b 3. discuss 8. presentation 4 C 3. cause 8. questions C 4. enough 9. talk 4 C 4. convince 9. reasons 5. focus 10. to d 8 d [3] First, lack of sleep (a ) affects your physical health. Research has shown that sleep deprivation can impact the immune ( b ). Consequently, to fight infections becomes more difficult, and we become more likely to get sick after being exposed to a ( C ). Moreover, if you regularly follow a poor sleeping schedule, your risk of developing serious (d) conditions increases ( e ), such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. 1. medical 2. negatively 3. significantly 4. system b d 5. just 10. situations. 4 e 5. virus e 3 e 3

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EXERCISES a ( )内の語句に関係代名詞を加えて並べかえ, 全文を書きなさい。 (1) This is (be/aplant/must) watered every day.monme plant which must be (2) The architect (city hall / designed / is / our) my cousin. is cityhall who our clesigned (3) (speak / people / English/ don't ) can't apply for this job. people don't speak which English. 2 日本語に合うように,( )に適語を入れなさい。 (1) 私たちが発明した製品は画期的だ。 The product ( ) ( 関係代名詞 ① (4) You (eat/contain/vegetables / should) a lot of vitamins. ) ( (2) 彼は私が長い間知っている少年だ。 He is a boy ( ) ( PA ) is groundbreaking. )()( (3) その先生はしばしば私が答えられない質問をしてくる。 The teacher often asks me questions ( ) ( (4) 私のおじが買った車はハイブリッドです。 The car ) ( ) ( ) for a long time. ) ( Pid20 (2)状況 久しぶりのクラス会。 だれだか思い出せなくて･･･。 What is the name (the man / just / in / who / of / came / which ) ? A ) is a hybrid. 3 与えられた状況に合うように ( )内の語句を並べかえ, 全文を書きなさい。 ただし、不要な語 句が1つずつ含まれています。 zdrow trabi2919 9 odw Ei soov at berjaly I G AB (1)状況 すてきな時計をしているね,と友人に言われて…..。 f This is (bought / my / me / the watch / father/ who) two years ago. (3)状況 スペイン語の学習が進んできて、難しいことにも挑戦したくなりました。 I want to read (in / that / a novel / Spanish/who / written / is ). B [ ]内の語句を参考にして, ~, ...に自由に語句を入れ、 オリジナルの英文をつくりなさい。 AB (1) 私には~が得意な友だちがいる。 [who/good] (②)〜(人)は私が昨日･･･した人に似ている。 [look like ]

下から4行目の40percent の後と、下から3行目のalmost halfの後にはなにか省略されているのですか？ 形容詞の後にofで修飾することはできるのでしょうか？

B 11 23. ほぼ訳でない。訳に表れなくてもOK. ←状況 ✓ BEHt 原因〈ひ〉 The conditions under which people die of incurable illness (1) represent a neglected global issue, especially in developing countries, Fare - condition countries x that demands far greater attention from the world's medical leadership, 家からい(又が長い時) A new study shows "the quality of end-of-life care is often unsatisfac- 終末期医療 10₁ 死にかけてている tory for both patients and families," with 40 percent of dying patients suffering severe pain most of the time and almost half of incurable 進行した patients suffering both advanced dementia and cancer receiving no V3 V3 painkilling treatments.