この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

（3）について答えはthese new types of cementまたはnew types of cement ですがthe new types of cement でも大丈夫ですか？

6 2019年度 英語 Ordinary Portland cement-t produced by baking lime in a kiln and emits approximately one ton of carb a kiln and emits Cement production is responsible for cement. dioxide for every ton of approximately 5% of global man-made CO2 emissions, according to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Cement does absorb some carbon dioxide back from the atmosphere over time, One 2016 study estimated that between 1930 and 2013, the equivalent of 43% of CO2 released from lime during heating was reabsorbed by - although that percentage does not include carbon concrete products worldwide dioxide emitted by the fossil fuels burned to heat kilns, a significant contributor of says. Fennell notes. 東京医科歯科大前駅 - the most common form in concrete- CO2 emissions during production. Unfortunately, this absorption comes at a price, particularly when cement is used in structures that feature steel reinforcement bars (rebar) within concrete. vl(As) CO₂ moves through cement it changes the pH of the surroundings, Fennell says. Concrete loses its alkalinity and, when moisture and oxygen are present, causes the rebar to rust. 2) ad "Rusting steel can expand with great force to as much as nine times its original dimensions if you add up all of the layers of iron oxide," says Randolph Langenbach, an international consultant in building conservation. This expansion causes the concrete to crack, flake and crumble. Svi aft ni adosband huma Degradation is a massive concern, he argues, and problems are not limited to rusting rebar. Everything from air pockets left in the concrete mix when it's laid to salt air buffeting coastal-facing walls, or the use of beach sand in the concrete, can shorten a building's lifespan. As one specialist once put it to Langenbach: "If it ain't cracked, it aint concrete."qubong ao yas guidtyns ogde stornos 90 s of fshoqml is vatns mash *** long llopsd lust ay to Given the concerns about the environmental impact and structural longevity of concrete, why do we continue to build with it? addi Simply put, concrete is cheap, versatile, quick to erect and requires no of weight J

解答が無くて困ってます 答え教えてもらえると助かります

ⅡI. 次の英文の空欄 ( 11 ) から ( 30 )に入る最も適切な語句を, a.〜d.の中から 1つ選びなさい。 解答は解答用紙1枚目 (マークシート方式)の所定の解答欄にマークし なさい。 Huy Fong Foods, the southern California company that produces 20 million bottles of sriracha (1) annually, has experienced a low ( 11 ) of red jalapeño chili peppers in recent years made worse by spring's crop failure. What is the cause? ( 12 ) weather and drought (2) conditions in Mexico. It's not (13) chili peppers. Mustard producers in France and Canada said extreme weather caused a 50% reduction in seed production last year, ( 14 ) to a shortage of the condiment on grocery store shelves. Blistering heat, stronger storms, droughts, floods, fires and changes in rainfall (15) are also affecting the cost and availability of staples, including wheat, corn, coffee, apples, chocolate and wine. The climate crisis is increasing the intensity and ( 16 ) of extreme weather events — and it's putting food production at risk. "Almost everything we grow and ( 17 ) in the US is facing some climatic stress," said Carolyn Dimitri, nutrition and food studies professor at NYU. Wheat and other grain crops are particularly ( 18 ). In the Great Plains region, (19) most of the US's wheat is harvested, drought depressed the winter crop. Farmers are abandoning farmland used for growing winter wheat in the US-primarily in Texas and Oklahoma - at the highest rate since 2002. Meanwhile in Montana, flooding is (20) grain crops. The impact of the climate crisis on grain crops ( 21 ) beyond the US. In India, a fierce heatwave damaged the wheat crop ( 22 ) record-setting temperatures throughout the spring and summer. As Delhi hit 49°℃ in May, the government placed a ( 23 ) on wheat exports, driving up prices even further than the rise following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Food production is a driver of the climate crisis and a (24) of it. ( 25 ) the food system will require a wide variety of actions, including increasing crop diversity, delivering climate (26) to farmers around the world, expanding conservation programs and offering growers insurance that pays out when an index such as rain or wind speed falls above or below a fixed limit. The Biden administration is supporting research into "climate-smart" agriculture, an approach to managing cropland, forest, fisheries and cattle that attempts to address the intersecting challenges of the climate crisis and food ( 27 ). In May, the UN secretary general, António Guterres, said that climate-related disasters and extreme weather were a driver of global hunger and that 1.7 billion people ( 28 ) by the climate crisis over the last decade. Experts say (29) action is taken, we can expect to see increased food prices, decreased availability and conflict over water, which will primarily affect poorer countries and low-income Americans, (30) everything from school lunches to food aid programs. © Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2023 (1) sriracha (2) drought かんばつ 世界中で人気のチリソース

英検二級の英作文の添削お願いします！ I think local bookstores will disappear in the future. I have two reasons why I think so. The first reason is these... 続きを読む

●POINTSは理由を書く際の参考となる観点を示したものです。 ただし,これら 以下のTOPICについて, あなたの意見とその理由を2つ書きなさい。 以外の観点から理由を書いてもかまいません。 語数の目安は80語~ 100語です。 解答が TOPICに示された問いの答えになっていない場合や, TOPICからずれ ていると判断された場合は,0点と採点されることがあります。TOPICの内容 をよく読んでから答えてください｡ TOPIC TH Today, the number of local bookstores is decreasing. Do you think local bookstores will disappear in the future? 町の書店の変化や,自分がどこで 書籍を買っているかを考えてみよう。 POINTS ● Personal interests • Digital dataConvenience

英検2級のライティングの添削をしていただきたいです💦お願いします🙇

●以下のTOPICについて, あなたの意見とその理由を2つ書きなさい。 ●POINTSは理由を書く際の参考となる観点を示したものです。 ただし, これら以外の観点から理由を書いてもかまいません。 語数の目安は80語~ 100語です。 TOPIC Today, many elementary school students have their own cell phones. Do you think they should be allowed to take their cell phones to school?

この日本語訳あっていますか？

英文解釈 26 Whatever ve may think about mass-production, We can take it as certain that after 150 years of continuous development the system is here to stay, we cannot slow it down, or go back to the old hand methods of production. 私たちが大量生産についてどう思われていようと.. 150年の継続的な発展の後この方式は留まってい て、私たちはそれを遅らせることも、昔ながらの生産方法 に戻ることもできないということは確かである。 メモ (松山東雲短大) Whatever… 何であれ、何でも mass-production…大量生産 certain… 確実 continuous…継続的 the old hand method's… 昔ながらの手法

may think は何かの用法ですか？

S Vt C + [接具体 このように意味を持たないでOとして文の形式を整えるためのitを 具体的内容を持った後続の実際上の名詞節を「真目的語」と呼びます 文の和訳は, it の部分に that-節の訳を代入すればOKです。 第1 文 何を･･･ (し) ようと 私達が考えようと について 大量 生産 [ Whatever we may think (about mass-production)], O S Vi 52 私達は we S ...を~と考える ことができる can Vt 確かだ take it (as certain O (形) C M Whatever we ... we can take it... に注目すると, [Whatever SV つまり Whatever-節は副詞節 ( 22課) と判定できます。 take it as ce

after150 を１５０年後と読んだのですが １５０年にわたると書いてあるのはafterにはそういう意味もあるということですか? それとも何か用法がありますか？

第1部 英文解釈の技術 70 26 <Vit C + [名詞節]>は形式目的語構文 次の英文を訳しなさい Whatever we may think about mass-production, we can take it as certain that after 150 years of continuous development the system is here to stay; we cannot slow it down, or go back to the old hand methods of production. <V it C [名詞節]> は形式目的語構文 VOCの文型の場合, 0 になるのは (代) 名詞であり、普通は名詞句・名詞節が0に なることはないことを念頭に置いて次の英文を見てください。 I think it good that you learn history. 「君が歴史を勉強するのはいいことだと思うよ」 I think it good.だけでも SVOCの文になりますがit が何を指すか itはOの役割をさせられている 「空の箱」 みたいなもので である good の後に具体的内容を示す that-節を後に置く す。 パターン化すると、次のタイプの文です。 S Vt このように意味を持たないでOとして文の 具体的内容を持った後続の実際上の名詞 文の和訳は, it の部分に that-節の訳を C + [接具体的内容]. SVt. it C (松山東雲短大) 第1 文 何を･･･(し) ようと 私達が考えようと [Whatever we may thi O S Vi は, て C t

3. 問4 この回答だと10点満点だとしたら何点くらいでしょうか？ 問5どう考えたら解説のようにnew methodsを2つのかたまりが修飾しているとわかるのですか？

30 methods. Only the larger landowners can afford to make the necessary investments for maximum production of the new grains. With their profits, the large landowners then buy land from the smaller farmers. This way, the large landowners become ever richer and the number of landless poor people increases. Social tensions naturally increase in this situation. 35 Clearly, it is time to question the methods of the Green Revolution. Governments and farmers_need to look at the overall picture and long-term effects. (s They need to find new methods that will better meet the needs of the world's hungry people and that will also be less harmful. Vi (注) fertilizer : 肥料 insecticide : 殺虫剤 (神戸学院大) 問1 空所( 1 ) に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1つ選びなさ Po =取り除く 遅れず遭いて行く 7. get rid of イ. run out of keep up with J. come up with 問2 空所(2a)~( 2d)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エからそれ ぞれ1つずつ選びなさい。 ただし,文頭にくるべき語も小文字で始められてい る。 ア. social and political conflict イ. the nature of the chemicals that farmers have used 195 ウ. the_expense of the new farming methods 費用 エ. soil_erosion 下線部(3)の語(句) を文意が通るように並べ換えなさい。 下線部(4) の内容を50字以内の日本語で述べなさい。 下線部(5) を日本語に訳しなさい。 英文のタイトルとして最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1つ選びなさい。 Environmental effects of the “Green Revolution” Increase in food production through the “Green Revolution" Some negative aspects of the “Green Revolution" エ. Success of the “Green Revolution" 1. (a)7. () I (e)t leadp (24) ア 問3 問4 問5 問6 3. the grain people used to grow 間、新しい作物に移して得た不必大きなさの 所有者がさな農場の土地を買うこと。 8 ・間5.西府と農家は世界中の空腹な人々の需要を満たす より良い、新しい方法を見つけ、害を少なくしていく必要がある

赤のカギカッコのwhereって関係代名詞ですか？詳しく教えて欲しいです🙇‍♀️

10 mass production: each tree is built to a different design - as we see at first glance. And nowhere are these astonishing objects to be found in greater numbers than close to where millions live, They are the wonders we take for granted, lining the streets, crowding the parks, and dominating the landscape.