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英語 高校生

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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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英語 高校生

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不定詞(いろいろな形/原形不定詞) Track 24-25 UNIT 5 Reading ARE *examination, 24 カザフスタン生まれの義足アスリート, ハインリッヒ・ポポフが自分の半生を振り返ります。 I was nine years old when my life changed completely. During an doctors found bone cancer in my left leg. (be / cut / needed / off / the leg/to). But I wasn't giving up; I wanted to do sports again. Desc Sports were always my passion, and, like many children, I wanted to be a 5 professional football player. But I realized this would not be possible and started training for track and field events. My new *prosthesis, an artificial leg, was a new beginning for me. テーマ スポーツ (100) I am often asked why I chose to be a *sprinter. The point is, I run because I'm missing a leg. In other words, although I lost my leg, I learned something very 10 important: Accept your challenge and try to ( 3 ) it. Everything can be an opportunity if you only realize that it is. Note I started my sports career in 2001. In 2004, I participated in the Paralympics in *Athens for the first time and won three *bronze medals in the 100 meter, 200 meter, and *long jump. At the 2012 Paralympics in London, I won gold in the 100 meter 15 sprint. G 25 prinodail It sounds so easy now, but it wasn't always like that. My own experience makes me focus on helping others, especially children. I spend a lot of time visiting children in the hospital who are in a similar situation. I tell them: Don't stop doing the things that are important to you because something bad has happened to 20 you. Find a way to keep doing those things. When I pull up my *pant leg and show the children my prosthesis, you can see their eyes get big. But then they soon come to understand that everything is possible, even with a *disability. (291 words)

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英語 高校生

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ENVIRONMENT Mask Waste Problem The Mask Waste Problem た使い捨てマスク (中国、 2020年5月) イルス感染症拡大防止のために使われた使い捨てマスクやフェ このプラスチックごみは、 現在大きな問題となっています。 国 社のロイターは、「このコロナウイルスの時代に、 プラスチッ とのコメントをしています。 AFP/AFLO Used masks are creating a lot of pollution ding ニマスクにはどのような問題点があり、 また ためにできることは何ですか。 endémik] パンデミック spóuzabl] 一織布の Since the beginning of the pandemic, masks have been a necessary part of our lives. Many people use disposable non- woven masks. They are convenient to use and are more effective than cloth 05 masks. One report says that 129 billion 09. virus [váiaras] 14. get washed into ~ 〜に押し流される 25. fiber [fáibar] 31. turtle [tártl] * 32. string [stríŋ] 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 家庭用 医療用 産業用 0 2009 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (年度) ■マスクの生産と輸入量の推移 2009年に新型インフルエンザの流行により生産されたマスクの在庫が大量発生 し、2010~11年の生産量が激減しました。 出典:日本衛生材料工業連合会 輸入数量 国内生産 face masks are being used in the world each month. These masks protect us from the virus, but now they are hurting 10 the environment. The pandemic is creating lots of waste. Face masks can be seen on the ground all around us. Used masks may blow into rivers and get washed into 15 the ocean. Some reports say that about 1.56 billion disposable masks entered the ocean in 2020. That is 3% of all masks made in the world. This means that a very large number of people are 20 throwing their masks away the wrong way. Book Book Some people may think that non- woven masks are made of paper. In fact, they are mostly made of plastic WANT TO LEARN MORE? 谷社 ENVIRONMENT 8 The Mask Waste Problem fibers. Therefore, they will not 25 naturally disappear in the ocean. These plastics will break down into smaller plastics and stay in the environment for hundreds of years. This plastic is harmful to creatures such as fish, 30 turtles, and birds. They become caught in the strings around the masks. They also may try to eat the masks. And because we eat fish from the ocean, it also becomes our problem. One way to solve this problem is to make masks with eco-friendly materials. Now masks made of natural fibers are being developed. However, most of the masks being sold today are still made 40 of plastic. For now, it is important to throw masks away the right way. I 分 保坂 直紀著 「海洋プラスチック 永遠のごみの行方』 角川新書 堅達 京子他著『脱プラスチックへの挑戦 持続可能な地球と世界ビジネスの潮流」 山と渓 35 ■使い捨てマスクが脚にからまったカモメ (英国、2020年7月) 使い捨てマスクを適切に廃棄することに加え、耳にかけるゴムを切って捨 てることで動物にマスクが絡まるリスクを減らそうと訴える人々もいます RSPCA/AFP/AFL 12 G VOICED APA NEWSBREAKS BASIC

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