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生物 高校生

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〈光合成のしくみ> 個 光合成の際、光エネルギーはクロロフィルなどの光合成色素群によって捕集され、吸収 された光エネルギーは最終的に光化学系の反応中心にある特殊なクロロフィルに伝達さ れて光化学反応が駆動される。 この光化学反応は葉緑体のチラコイド膜にある光化学反応 系によって行われるが, 光化学反応系には光化学系Ⅰ (PSI) と光化学系ⅡI (PSⅡI)の2種 類が存在する (図1)。 それぞれの光化学反応中心に存在する特殊なクロロフィルは、光合 成色素群によって捕集された光のエネルギーを利用して活性化され、電子受容体へ電子e を供与することによって、吸収した光エネルギーを化学エネルギーに変換する。 光化学 反応中心に存在する特殊なクロロフィルは電子を供与すると酸化された状態になるが、そ れが再び還元される際, PSIではプラストシアニンというタンパク質が、PSⅡIでは水が 電子を供与する。 ストロマ チラコイド膜 光 COLOPAPSI 100000 チラコイド内腔 2H2O -H+ PQ 光 シトクロム 複合体 2+2H+ 2+4H+) ATP 合成酵素 ADP+PI ATP BOX PSIAMOY ZLOKOMS CAMILO MOTOR COGITals Ooooo (PC) +4H+ H+ プラストシアニン ブラストキノン 図1 チラコイド膜で起こる反応 電子e~は破線で示すように、光化学系から放出され, プラストキノン, シトクロム 複合体,プラストシアニンの順に伝達され、光化学系Iに渡される。 PSIは光化学系Iを, PSⅡIは光化学系ⅡIを, Piはリン酸を示す。 問1 図1の空欄(ア)~ (ウ)に入る物質名を答えよ。 問2 光化学反応と電子伝達系により チラコイド内腔側とストロマ側では、どちらのH+ 濃度が相対的に高くなっているか答えよ。 問3 ある緑色植物を用いて以下の【実験】 【実験2】 を行った。 【実験1】 植物に 640nmから700nm までの波長の光をそれぞれ照射して、吸収された 光当たりの光合成活性を波長ごとに測定した。 その結果, 680nmから700nm までの 長波長側の光では, 640nmから680nm までの短波長側の光に比べ,光合成活性が低 下することが示された。 【実験2】 長波長側である 690nmの光は 葉緑体のシトクロム複合体を酸化する のに非常に効果的であった。 この 690nmの光と同時に短波長側の 650nmの光も照射すると、図2のよう に シトクロム複合体の一部が還元さ れることが示された。 これらの実験結果および図1を参考に して, 以下の(1), (2)に答えよ。 (1) 2つの光化学系である PSI と PSⅡIに関する記述として正しいものを以下の(a)~(c) の中から1つ選び, 記号で答えよ。 また, その理由も説明せよ。 (a) PSIはおもに690nmの長波長側の光で駆動され, PSⅡIは主に 650nmの短波長 側の光で駆動される。 (b) PSIはおもに650nmの短波長側の光で駆動され, PSⅡIは主に 690nmの長波長 側の光で駆動される。 (c) PSI PS ⅡIともに短波長側および長波長側の両方の光で駆動され、 波長に対する 応答性は両化学系に差はない。 (2) 【実験1】 において, 680nm から 700nm までの長波長側の光だけを照射したときに [20 東京都立大改〕 光合成効率が低下するのはなぜか。 その理由を説明せよ。 酸高い 合化 体さ ム 低い 690mm 照射 650nm 照射 時間 図2 光照射条件を変えたときのシトクロム複合体の 酸化還元状態の変化 48

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英語 高校生

大阪大学か九州大学の法学部を目指している高校2年生です。 2年生の内に英検準一級に合格したいのと、リスニングが苦手なので、受験のためにもリスニング教材を1冊購入しようと思っています。 以下の3冊のどれが良いと思いますか? https://www.amazon.co.jp/... 続きを読む

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未解決 回答数: 1
英語 高校生

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【IV】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)11点,(B) 6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで、 下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 選択式の設問は記号 (アイウエ・・・) を1つ選んで答えること。 A World Bank report recently released suggests climate change could, force 216 million people across six regions to migrate within their countries in the next 30 years, with ""hotspots" emerging within the next nine years ( 2 ) urgent steps are taken. The "Groundswell Part 2" report examines how climate change is a powerful driver of migration within a nation because of its impact on people's livelihoods through droughts, rising sea levels, crop failures and other climate-related conditions. The original Groundswell climate report was published in 2018 and detailed projections and analysis for three world regions: sub- Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. "Groundswell 2" conducted similar studies on East Asia and the Pacific, North Africa, and eastern Europe and Central Asia. Both studies established different scenarios to explore potential future outcomes and identify internal climate in- and out- migration hotspots in each region that is, the areas from which people are expected to move, and the areas to which they might go. The study suggests that by 2050, sub-Saharan Africa could see as many as 86 million internal climate migrants; East Asia and the Pacific, 49 million; South Asia, 40 million; North Africa, 19 million; Latin America, 17 million; and eastern Europe and Central Asia, 5 million. To slow the factors driving climate migration and avoid these worst-case outcomes, the report recommends a series of steps world leaders can take, including reducing global emissions ( 4 ) the goals established by the Paris 2015 climate agreement, and taking steps to better understand the drivers of internal climate migration, so appropriate policies to address them can be developed. (注)* hotspot: 自然破壊が進み, 危機に瀕している地域 -2/x-84 問 1 Which of the following has the closest meaning to " to talk someone out of doing something ア ウ I to make someone move 2 Put the best one into blank 2. ア unless イ to keep someone from doing something to tell a lie Sune once ウ when O I if 3 Which of the following has the closest meaning to "3 a powerful driver"? ア a good person who drives a truck a tool to fix some furniture I force"? a strong power that causes something to happen a condition which causes climate change 4 Put the best one into blank 4. Pin line with on behalf of in spite of I even though

未解決 回答数: 1
英語 高校生

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【ⅢI】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 (A)14点,(B) 6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は, アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Mo Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really ( 1 ) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. B(A) Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: (2) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex (4) (6) -11-

未解決 回答数: 1
英語 高校生

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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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