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英語 高校生

(4)の答えがthe problemでしたがsolving the problemではダメでしょうか?

humans. "We were able to identify one of the many molecular features that likely shape behavior," she adds. ** hol boquete es Though the origins of the dog/human partnership remain unknown, it's becoming increasingly clear that each species has changed (during our long years header The physical differences between a basset hound and wolf are obvious, but dogs have also changed in ways that are more than skin (or fur) deep. One recent study shows how by bonding with us and learning to work ogether with humans, dogs may have actually become worse at working together Their pack lifestyle and mentality appear to be reduced and are far as a species. less prevalent even in wild dogs than in wolves. But, Yale's Laurie Santos says, dogs may have compensated in other interesting ways. They've learned to use humans to solve problems. "Several researchers have presented dogs and wolves with an impossible problem (e.g., a puzzle box that can't be opened or a pulling tool that stops working) and have asked how these different species react," Santos explains. Researchers have found that wolves try lots of different trial and error tactics to solve the problem - they get at it physically. But at the first sign of trouble, dogs do something different. They look back to their human companion for help. This work hints that dogs may have lost some of their physical problem-solving abilities in favor of more social strategies, ones that rely on the unique sort of cooperation

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英語 高校生

「,well behind 」の部分の構造、意味を教えてください。

[Review] Back in the late sixties, thinkers on both sides of the Atlantic were troubled by problems which may seem strange to us today: they were worried that the leisure age which they believed was fast approaching would leave people with too much time on their hands. They were worried that the work ethic was losing its grip on a new rebellious generation and they pondered how they would motivate people to work. They needn't have worried. The much-predicted "leisure age" promised by technology has not materialized. In fact, quite the reverse: people are working harder than ever. There is less leisure time and, most surprising of all, the very workers with the greatest bargaining power are choosing to work the hardest. The problem is the burnout of white- collar Britain. For over a century, the average number of hours spent working over a lifetime slowly declined in Britain. The historian James Arrowsmith has calculated that in 1856 our ancestors put in 124,000 hours over a 40-year working life and, by 1981, it was 69,000. There it remained for a decade, but in the early nineties it began to increase again. On average full-time British workers now put in 80,224 hours over their working life, and that figure rises to 92,000 for those on a 50-hour week, which is common among the self- employed, the skilled, and professional and managerial workers. Many are working the kind of hours that would have been familiar to factory workers in the middle of the 19th century. The only difference is that now it's the bosses who are more likely to be putting in the hours than those on the shop floor. Britain has followed a US model of all work, no play, in contrast to continental Europe. Full-time workers in Britain now work the longest hours in Europe an average of 43.6 hours per week compared with an EU average of 40.3. Even more marked is the difference in holidays between Britain and continental Europe; the UK has, on average, 28 days a year, well behind France with 47, Italy with 44 and Germany with 41. Add the difference in weekly hours and holidays and it amounts to the British working almost eight weeks a year more than their European counterparts. -

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