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英語 高校生

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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

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英語 中学生

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次の英文を読み、以下の問いに答えなさい。 Cow. Chicken. Grass. Which two are in the same group? Your answer depends on where you were born and raised. T fedt af gnofed For a long time, *research psychologists have had an idea that East Asians and Westerners think about the world in different ways. There was not enough scientific *evidence to support this idea until recently. In the past 15 years, however, researchers have learned a lot about different thinking styles and the cultural differences that produce them. The story begins in 1972, when *Liang-Hwang Chiu, a professor of *educational psychology at *Indiana University, tested more than 200 Chinese and 300 American children. He showed some cards to each child. Each card had pictures of three things. One card, for example, showed a cow, a chicken, and grass. Chiu asked the children to say which two things were in the same group. Most of the American children picked the chicken and cow. They explained the reason by saying that "both are animals." Most of the Chinese children, however, put the cow and grass together because "cows eat grass." solib - People didn't think Chiu's study was very important in the years after its *publication because $*psychological scientists at that time paid little attention to cultural differences. In the 1990s, however, *cross-cultural psychology became 2"hot" and Chiu's findings were paid attention to again. 3 Researchers at the University of Michigan did Chiu's study again by testing college students from China, Taiwan, and the United States. Without using pictures, the researchers gave the students with and asked them to say which two three words shampoo, hair, and conditioner, for example 20 were in the same group. The Americans were more likely than the Chinese to say that shampoo and conditioner go together because they're both hair care goods. The Chinese were more likely to say that shampoo and hair go together because "shampoo washes and cleans hair." Why do East Asians and Westerners think differently? Most researchers believe the answer can be Taplapo 77 Step A Step B Step C

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