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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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Dand about 4% have been extinct since 1950. Le Complete the summary. There are some unnecessary words. Lie an/ Summary Title )are dying out faster than in tho past. 1()Many linguists think that (1. ( )Almost 40% of languages are (2. One of the reasons why languages disappear is that people who speak th。 languages 2 Ld ) phenomena. die because of (3. ) cause the extinction of languages. ( ) Another reason is that (4. Today some people (5. away their own language because of technology 5 and the desire for material wealth. If a language dies, we believe that we lose the knowledge that the society has (6. 6 ) over time and diversity in the world. In language (7. へ the language and culture as possible. ), linguists try to record as much information about ird0 Sto In language (8. the language. ),a linguistic community takes an active role in saving 8 Efforts by learners, the elders, the government and linguists (9. to save languages from disappearing. ) us 9 Titles Words O 10 allow / approaches culture / eliminate endangered / gained languages / natural O Language Preservation O How Languages Rapidly Disappear © Loss of Speakers Causes Languages to Disappear O People Choose English over Their Language O Language Revitalization O People's Efforts Can Save Languages @ The Current Situation of the Languages の Humans Cause Languages to Disappear t iw d people / preservation revitalization/ throw O What Is Lost When Languages Disappear 1guage Extinction

左の大きい方が参考です。 右の問題の答えが合っているか教えてもらいたいです お願いします (英語構文80総合問題演習)

1 主語の研究(1) 02日 Lesson 心高文80 p014 It is for A to do 「Aが~することは…だ」 真生語 (to 不定具) It is important for learners to have clear goals. (それは大切た *持つことは 明な日標を 学回者にとって T者が 学日者には明確な日標を持つことが大切だ。 発展 It is of A to do 「~するとはAはだ) It's kind of you to help me with my homework (題を手伝ってくれるなんて、調切ですね。) O kind は you の性質を表す形容詞。 「あなたの親切なところですね」という意味なので、 of を用い ひ構文80 p.016 2 It is that + S+ V 「SがVすることはだ」 申式ま意 真土過 (that能-R) It is certain that hard work pays off. (それはー)別カが われる (モれは)書かだ こと 弱力が報われるのは確かだ 発展 It is (健情 判断) that + S + should do 『Sが一するなんてだ」 It is surprising that he should know so littie about history (彼が歴史をそんなに少ししか知らないなんで聞きだ) 『強い感情や判断を表す場合、 that 筋内に 「~する (ことになってしまう)なんて」という意味のshoud 用いることがある。 の文0 p018 3 It is said that + S + V 「S はVすると言われている」 具主語 都3名町) It is said that sleep improves your memory. (それは) きわれている (それは一) 機が記望を上させる こと 睡眠が記憶を向上させると言われている。 『 They say that ../ Peole say that と言い換えられる。 発展 S+ is said to do 「Sは~すると言われている」 Enstein is saild to be the father of modern physics. [アインシュタインは現代物理学の父であるとわれている tis said that Einstein is the father of modern physics xEnstein is said that he is the fathor of modem physics. としないように注意。

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新訂七に WORKBOOK for LEARNERS' ENGLISH GRAMMAR 25ラーナーズワーク in 25 STAGES CHART INSTITUTE

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1omoitsTlenli ddiw botstteufi 3 正誤 問題 誤りのある箇所を選び、正しい形を書きなさい。 e vim SGE 2on L60g2 ro &os taken in New York, claimed to learn his English from watching television. rute-T s bm (県立広島大) 口 22 One good learner, o interviewed in a survey of good language learners r Tanade D on d D 誤りのある箇所 正しい形 のa (明治学院大) low 23 All things oto consider, he was lucky enough g to get it oat such price. 形 885215 b oe amod evh beibirieI ar teuft (29beg 誤りのある箇所 O(正しい ロロ 24 We were all osurprised at ethe way how she gtalked to us yesterday. (札幌学院大) 誤りのある箇所 正しい形 ケん rk oles) co 口 25AS I have little money, ol am impossible gto afford such a costly bag. 3 (甲南大) Tot bum 97107olnerT 8rL 誤りのある箇所) 9V 正しい形 on mrob gnidton 9iTw

佐賀大学(平成31年度)の大門3の要約問題について質問です。 添削お願いします。

3 次の英文を読んで、その要旨を300字程度の日本語で書きなさい。句読点も字数に 含めるものとする。(30点) Learning to interpret what others mean is complex. Because we learn early to interpret meanings by the form of expression a person uses, there is much room for misunderstanding. This may lead us to make value judgments and become convinced that a speaker is insincere, dishonest, or disrespectful when we misread the intentions or the significance of a message within a social setting. One example of the need to use and understand socially appropriate messages is in the determination of when a speaker has said no. In many languages and societies, people usually don't say no directly. Instead, they have less direct ways of expressing refusal. The nonnative speaker needs to recognize the ways in which this is done. For example, in Hispanic cultures it is considered inappropriate for servants to say no directly to their employers. Instead, the social norm requires the servant to reply to a request from an employer with the form manana. Although a literal translation of manana is “tomorrow," the most frequently intended meaning for it in this situation is simply “no." But, this is a polite no, since the request has not been refused directly, just postponed. A nonnative employer will wait a long time for service if he or she relies on the literal meaning of the word manana. Still another example of misinterpretation has to do with who may initiate a conversation. In some Asian languages, such as Chinese, Japanese, or Korean, children do not usually initiate conversations with adults and do not speak unless spoken to. In contrast, American children are free, and even encouraged, to initiate conversations with adults. Similarly, whenever there is a perceived difference in status for example, between student and teacher-the inferior usually does not

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に \ら適切な 1 有回 ままの内容に合うように、下の語群から適急な Number of Learners of Forei an Languages at Emile 本 才 h School Russian Learners German LearnerS Total Student Number French LearnCrS 80 20 Year 2010 200 100 - ー 必 Year 2011 200 100 |門 1. m 2010 ( ) students learned German than Russian. 2. The number of Russian learners in 2011 Was four trmes as ( of the year 2010. づ. NRGISGGOm半( 4. No( っう. In both 2010 and 2011,( Harge / arger / argest / more / other / half / all / to〕 ) as that ) number of students learned German in 2010. ) language was learned as much as French in 2010. ) of the students 1earned French.

白チャートの英文法ラーナーズをやっているのですが、この参考書だけでは英文法の知識は不十分でしょうか？ これをやった後に、キク英文法や一億人の英文法をやるのは効率的でしょうか？ TOEICで高得点を取り、英語を話せるようになるために勉強しています。

届>9 ラーナーズ に」 上 ャー 回 Hr. ロ 人1色 校英 LEARNERS' samesxwaa 田中 天 ka: WT CHART IBTirUTE

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次の英文を読み p.14 の問いに答えなざい。(50 ) ndying a foreign language is in 8ome people think le the best time to begin 隊」 ir /ie /it/ 1earn / to childhood and that/theyoungsr you are the (another amテーーー 3 08886 tomursue languaee st Janguage. While itjis true.that an early start 谷idreninlangnageclaeerooms coverlonger periodsoftime,thereislittle evidence 講和人eS二お3EE生NNN1HIGUeYoOm mnton ( 2a ): better memories, more_efficient ways of organizing information、lon attention spans, better study habits, and greater abihity to jandle complex mental ecessary for their educaton most formal languaee tasks. ( 2b ):they see learning a foreign language 88 mi or career,( 2c ),twofactors that receive great attention in 10 classrooms. Adults usually want to learn a foreign language in a Ne children、who candevote manyyearstolanguageunastery。 Also,adults havecomplex communication needs (3)( abiity / wewwm / extend / mere / that/ the) to carry on simple conversations Adu】ts need to be able to argue, persuade、express COncern。 Object、explain、and present information about complex matters that *pertain to their life, interests、 work, hey often deny 15 or education. (④)Because most adults do not like to appear. themselves opportunities to practice for fear of making Wi or of not getting their message across. In addition, adults have more trouble than childyen in making new friends who speak the foreign 1anguage. to support the notion of children's superiority 20 One example usually given 1anguage learners is their ability to pick up an authentic accent. Itis usually observed pi t好at children of immigrants learn to speak the language of ther adopted country

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WT [2] Why did such companies make these decisions2/The wanted to increase business and make their companies mOre 如 this goal) their employees needed to be able to communicate in Engh Sch abihisyjwould lead them to pay slot of money in afguage costs Tese costs include 8 ony translation_costs but the_damage that can 2 misunderstandings、 too) (To avoid such costsl the comps 1 employees to be able to work smoothly with non-Japanese stafPin their ofhces 9 They also wanted them to be_able to negotiate (Gin Enghish)with companie8 overseas)AL these things considered, the benefits would be more thanjustcost . savings。 xt前流 [3](Ofcourse)there are many levels of abihityjin uSing a 1anguage』HHow good nies need to become at PreheheTme resident 6 one'of the companies)sayslthat the English that businessmen need is “Globi which is different from the English 6f native speakersiHe botewes mate jis employees should have answer islthat the\ lobal achieve did employees Of these compal mastering special English expressions for business de trouble communicating in the language atwon Some people have questioned this new way oF thinking *English divide'"一a split between those o is /They betieve an emphasis on English may create an who understand English and those who do not. For example, sorneon whx very good at their work but not very good at English may not have the respect of other employees, Another problem is *avoidance,” which sometimes happens among learners of a foreign language They may stay silent they find difficult to use a foreign 1anguage to express their thoughts/This defeats the very purpose of having language for communication. [ The decision by companies to make English an oficial language nther offices has certainly provided an opportunity for the Japanese to think about the importance of speaking a foreign language: 'The company president mentio