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- 例題 14 However, I feel that the teacher's role is more fundamen- tal than the critic's. It comes down ultimately, I think, to the fact that his first obligation is to the truth of the subject he is teaching, and that for the reading of literature ever to become a habit and a pleasure, it must first be a discipline.

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VII 次の英文を読み、空所(a)~(e)に入る最も適切な名詞を解答欄に記入しなさい。 ただし下記の動詞群の名詞形のみを使用し、 ~ing 形と複数形は使用しないこと｡ また、 同じ 語を二回以上使ってはいけない。 同じ語を二回以上使った場合、正解が含まれていてもその 正解は得点にならない。 例 : allow allowance discourage recommend know - infect punish I am less interested in an inspirational hero than a doer of everyday good who avoids the description heroic; less interested in a (a) to “live your dream” than an obligation to make a living wage. When you think of Sisyphus the Greek figure whose attempt to defy the gods resulted in his (b) to push a boulder up a hill and repeat the task when it rolled down again- consider that he had a task which was his own. Rather than being a cause for (c), the task may be seen as a source of happiness. In Camus' novel, The Plague, the doctor at the center of the story battles the spread of one fatal (d) after another in a Sisyphean pursuit of the impossible. At one point he says, "The whole thing is not about heroism. It's about integrity." Asked what that word means, he responds: "In my case, simply put, I know that it's about doing my job." In sum, it is in the everyday task at hand that a deeper (e ) about life is gained.

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D) LANGUAGE PRACTICE Should and have to Suggestion What should I do? You should try yoga. You shouldn't eat so much fast food! Should I drink more water? Yes, you should. Complete the sentences with should, shouldn't, have/has to, or don't/doesn't have to. 1. To be healthy, we 2. I have a car, so I 3. You 4. My sister is really busy. She should sleep seven or eight hours every night. walk to work. But I still walk for exercise. drink so much soda every day. It's bad for you. 3. You should get some fresh air 4. You shouldn't exercise Grammar Reference page 130 Obligation What do I have to do? You have to read these books. You don't have to do anything! Do I have to pay for the class? No, you don't. 2 Match the information to make complete sentences. 1. We have to pay the fees_e 2. Should we warm up 5. You don't have to go on a diet 6. How much do we have to pay I think people should exercise every day. write ten essays before the semester ends. Unreduced 1. He has to eat first. 2. I have to leave early. 3. She has to go now. 4. They have to pay. a. before we exercise? b. to lose weight. c. after a big meal. d. because you've been indoors all day. e. before we take the class. f. to join the gym? 3 PAIR WORK. What should people do to have a healthy lifestyle? List five things. Then discuss your ideas with your partner. ONLINE PRACTICE Every day? That's too much! PRONUNCIATION-Reduction of has to and have to 1 Listen. Notice the reduced sounds of has to and have to. Reduced He hasta eat first. I hafta leave early. She hasta go now. They hafta pay.

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★不適切単語書き換え問題。( れる。 )には一単語のみ入 1. Although the film has its advantages, it also has a serious flaw. )を(m )に換える。 2.1 decided to take a big stick with me, just as a prevention. →( 3. My obligations include doing the housework and picking up the children from school. )を(pr )に換える。 )を(d )に換える。 4. The country shares boundaries with Rwanda and Burundi. )を(b )に換える。 5.1wish to improve my speaking and listening capacities. →( )を(s )に換える。

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10-2 Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advisability, Expectation PRESENT:(a) Julia has to get a visa. (b) Julia has got to get a visa. (c) Julia must get a visa. Past necessity: had to In (d): had to needed to: Julia needed to get a visa. There is no other past form for must (when it rmeans neceasity) or have got to. PAST: (d) Julia had to get a visa. PRESENT:(e) I should study for the test. I want to Past advisability: pass it. (f) lought to study for the test. (g) T had better study for the test. should have ought to have + past participle In the past, should is more common than ought to. The past form of had better (had better have) is almost never used. PAST: Ifailed the test. (h) Ishould have studied for it. (i) lought to have studied for it. (i) I shouldn't have gone to the movies the night before. The meaning in (h) and (i): Studying was a good idea, but 1 didn't do it. I made a mistake. The meaning in (j): It was a bad idea to go to the movies. I made a mistake. Usual pronunciation of should have: “should-ev" or “should-e." lao was/were supposed to: unfulfilled expectation or obligation in the past PRESENT:(k) We are supposed to leave now. PAST: (1) We were supposed toleave last week. PRESENT:(m)The mail should be here. Should have + past participle: past expectation The speaker expected something to happen%; it may or may not have occurred, as in (n).. PAST: (n) The mail should have been here by now.

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|2 次の文章は,日本文にあった「法」と「道徳」に関するものです。 読んだうえで設問に答え なさい。 When we think about the reach of the law, the first question is whether we have good reason to accept that the law has any proper authority | (ア)|all. (A) Why should we obey it? To a certain extent, the answer is implicit in the analysis of the “nature of law" question. (B) If law is held to be morally authoritative by definition, it will seem that an obligation to obey flows simply from the recognition of law as law. If the definition of law excludes this moral authority, the source of obligation must be sought elsewhere. The question about authority, however, is not as straightforward as this. What we are asking about is the kind of connection to be found (イ)| the authority of rulers to lay down laws and the legal and moral duty of the ruled to obey them. It is often asserted that there seems to be a general duty of obligation to obey the law. What (c) this means is that in the absence of special reasons which might justify a specific exemption, the acceptance of the duty of obedience presupposes the acknowledgement of the law's authority. (D) How it might lead to this, however, is a matter for debate. It may be for reasons quite independent (ウ)| the authoritative status of the law. The special reasons for suspending this presumption, furthermore, suggesting that there are limits to the general duty, must arise from considerations powerful enough to take priority over the standard reasons for obedience. 【設問】 (ウ) ずつ選びなさい。 I. (ア) に入る最も適当な語を, (a)~ (f)の中からそれぞれ1つ (イ) (ア)= ( へ (イ=( (ウ)= ( へ (a) of (b) on (c) of (d)from (e) at (f) between I. 下線部(C)の内容を日本語で簡潔に説明しなさい。 2

英作文の添削お願いします。 近年、政府は高齢者が年金をもらう年を65歳より遅くする計画を立てている。それが実行される時の利点と欠点を述べよ。 In my opinion,nowadays young people are distressed by the obligat... 続きを読む

They do not work late out of a sense of obligation to their companies. They do it because it is their responsibility. この文の日本語訳をお願いします！

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(7) Statistics show that we are less wealthy, healthy, and happy than ( ) who don't delay. 1.that 2.which 3.those 4.them (8) Not only nostalgia promote psychological comfort by fighting loneliness。 ( ) it also leads to physical well-being. 1.and 2.but 3.so 4.or (9) The majority of people with Internet addictions are gamers who spend long hours in roles in games that ( ) them to disregard their obligations. 1.cause 2.1et 3.make 4.put (10 Werre tempted ( ) we turn, it seems. 1.every day 2.everywhere 3. whichever 4.whatever (11) My advice is to never do tomorrow ( ) you can do today. 1.any 2.that 3.what 4. which (12) He is a popular actor。 both on the stage ( ) in the movies. 1.and 2.or 3.because 4.but

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(7) Statistics show that we are less wealthy, healthy, and happy than ( ) who don't delay. 1.that 2.which 3.those 4.them (8) Not only nostalgia promote psychological comfort by fighting loneliness。 ( ) it also leads to physical well-being. 1.and 2.but 3.so 4.or (9) The majority of people with Internet addictions are gamers who spend long hours in roles in games that ( ) them to disregard their obligations. 1.cause 2.1et 3.make 4.put (10 Werre tempted ( ) we turn, it seems. 1.every day 2.everywhere 3. whichever 4.whatever (11) My advice is to never do tomorrow ( ) you can do today. 1.any 2.that 3.what 4. which (12) He is a popular actor。 both on the stage ( ) in the movies. 1.and 2.or 3.because 4.but