これって同じですか？

Ⅱ 気体の熱力学 23 PAV を用いてよいという理由もこれで 分かってくれたことだろう。 温度降下 法則は 4UW 代表的変化のまとめ 度は上昇する。 熱力学には多くの公式が現れる。 記憶の引き出しを整理し,いつでも取り 出せるようにしておこう。 -B 断熱圧縮のケース PV=nRT 断熱膨張なら (BAのようになる 定積変化 Poc T stone 定圧変化 VT 等温変化 PV=一定 断熱変化 A V 提示されること 混同されがちだが, 単原子分子なら U=nRT nR 3 Cy= = Cp= ■PV = nRT を用 から, 結局 ちょっと一言 細字は状態方程式や定義からすぐに分かるので覚える必要はない。 定圧変化では PAV =nRAT も活用しよう。 最後の3つは単原子 にしか使えないことに注意。 となっている。 PV'=一定 UnCyATは共通に使える。 Q=nCyAT Q=nCpAT 4U=0 Q=0 Cp=Cy+R 4U=Q+W W=0 W=-PAV ⊿Tは正か負か。 になったか。 温 u High U=nC,Tも共通に(無条件で) 使える。 なお,二原子分子なら Cv=R 26 定積, 定圧, 等温, 断熱を組み合わせて図のよう に変化させた。 (1) 断熱変化はどれか。 (2) 熱を吸収した過程はどれか。 (3) 内部エネルギーが増加した過程はどれか。 27 図aのP-VグラフをV-T グラフ AP *P せたら体積 また,温度変 定は用いず, に直せ。 II は等温変化であり, グラ フは概略でよい。 図bのP-TグラフをP-Vグラフ (概略)に直せ。 また, 気体が仕事を された過程はどれか。 I III 図a 図 b I 熱 5 もっと直感的にいえば, PAV は図の 灰色部の面積で, それはほとんど斜線部 と等しいはずである。 ⊿V は小さいので 本当の図は針のように細く、 先端の小さ な三角形が欠けるかどうかな らないということ 26 (1) I, Wが等温と断熱の可能性が あるが, 傾きが急なⅣが断熱と決まる。 Iが等温。 でP, nRが一定だから VT これは 原点を通る直線となるから, 右上のよう なグラフが描ける。 (図b) Ⅰは定圧で温度上昇だから, P-V グラフ上は右へ移る。 IIはPとT が比例しているから, PV=nRT より Vが一定のとき、 つまり定積と分かる。 温で圧力増加。 仕事を のは圧 T 熱の 「PV'=一定」において, 6/Cv>1 なので,等温の「PV= 一定」 と比べ, 数字的に断熱の方が グラフの傾きが急と判断すること もできる。 (2) まず, Ⅳは断熱でカット。 II (定積) (定圧) では熱の吸収・放出は温度変 ■化に目を向ければよい。 P-V グラフの 第2の性質から、この場合はいずれも温 降下と読み取れ, 熱は放出しているこ とになる。 残りはⅠ (等温)で膨張しているから 外への仕事, よってW<0 等温の4U=0を用いると 0=Q+W : Q-W>0 確かにⅠは熱を吸収している。 (3) 温度が上昇した過程をさがせばよい。 等温のⅠはカット。 ⅡⅢは上述のよう に温度降下。 残るIVは断熱圧縮だから温 度は上昇。 27 (図a) Iは定積で,温度上昇, II の等温は体積が増していることが読み取 れる。 Ⅲは定圧で温度降下と分かるが, V-T グラフ上でどんな線を描くのかを 状態方程式で考えてみる。 PV =nRT 図a 図 b 28 (1) A,Bの圧力はたえず等しいこ とに注目する 後の圧力をPとして、ま ずB の気体について, PV =一定より :.P=2P。 P.V₁ = P. V Aもこの圧力だから 2P. (Vo+)= nRT はじめは P.VonRT 辺々で割ることにより T = 3T AU=nCAT nCy(T^T)=2nCyT。 (2) A, B 内の気体がビストンに及ぼし ている力の大きさは等しいから, A内の 気体がした仕事 W' はB内の気体がさ れた仕事に等しい。 第1法則より A... 40=Q,+(-W) B… 40p=0Q2+W' 辺々加えて W' を消去すると 4U+0=QQ.....① Q2=Q-2nCT

このような関係詞の問題で使われる所有格と目的格の違いを教えてほしいです。主語は理解してます！

Exercises 1 日本語に合うように,( )内から適切なほうを選びなさい。 A 1) 車のそばに立っている男の人を知っていますか。 Lesson 18 Do you know the man (who which) is standing by the car? (2) 彼女は昨日、英語で書かれた手紙を受け取りました。 She received a letter (who/which) was written in English yesterday. 3) 私はこの歌を歌っているミュージシャンが好きです。 I like the musician (who/which sings this song. ② 各文の適切な位置に who, which, whom のいずれかを入れて,全文を書きなさい。 1) will show you a strange stone I picked up near the river. AB I will show you a strange stone which I picked up near the river.... The boy is smiling on the bed is her son. The boy Witude smiling on the bel is her son. The book boy is reading is very difficult. The book which boy techoistealing is very difficult. The singer I like very much is going to come to Japan next month. The singer Inlike very much who going to come to Japan next month... whome 3 日本語に合うように,( )に適切な関係代名詞を入れなさい。 ただし, 省略できる場合は×を 書きなさい。 ABC スピーチをしている男の人はキムラさんです。 The man who is making a speech is Mr. Kimura. これが姉の使っているパソコンです。 This is the computer (witch) my sister uses. 私がオーストラリアで会った人たちは親切でした。 The people (whomeX I met in Australia were kind. これはタマという名前の猫です。 This is the cat (which) name is Tama. whose 4 日本語に合うように, ()内の語句を並べかえて英文を完成させなさい。 ABC (1) これは20年前に建てられた家です。 This is (which / built/ago/ahouse/ twenty years / was). ...... This is here (hich was built twenty years age). 2 彼女が手に持っている花はとても美しいです。 →the flowers which hasi her hands her hands/which/in/has / the flowers / she) are very beautiful. She has the flowas which is her hands. 3)長い耳をした犬は私の犬です。 (long / ears / the dog / are / whose) is mine. The sbg whose are long ears. dog. are very beautiful. is mine. 関係詞 1

青くしてある文の文構造と訳し方を教えていただきたいです🙇‍♀️ また、mainstream America の語順に違和感を感じていて、（American mainstream とした方が正しくない？と思ってしまいます、、）それも解説いただきたいです。

Neil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. Georgie And I'm Georgie. Neil If I told you I'd been for a walk to see Big Ben and Buckingham Palace, you'd know straight away I was in London. Georgie But what if my walk went past cafes selling mozzarella and ricotta where I smelled freshly made cannolis and focaccia... Where would I be then? Neil Focaccia and mozzarella... you'd be in Italy, right? Georgie Yes, Italy, or 'Little Italy' to be exact - the neighbourhood in some cities where Italian communities settled and made their home. Neil These Italian arrivals opened shops and cafes selling food to their own communities. Soon dishes like spaghetti and meatballs attracted the attention of local people, and gradually Italian food became famous around the world. In this programme, we'll be taking a walk through two Little Italys, one in Argentina, the other in New York, and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. But before that, I have a question for you, Georgie. According to a recent YouGov poll, which Italian food is most popular with British diners? Is it: a) pizza? b) lasagne? or c) garlic bread? Georgie I think it must be pizza. Neil Okay, Georgie, I'll reveal the answer at the end of the programme. One country Italians moved to was Argentina. In 1898, Giuseppe Banchero arrived in the neighbourhood of La Boca, the Little Italy of Buenos Aires, where many Italian immigrants started restaurants. Here, Hugo Banchero, grandson of Giuseppe, tells his story to Veronica Smink, reporter for BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain: Hugo Banchero Well, my grandfather came from Italy, from Genoa, from Liguria. He was born in the centre of Genoa and arrived here in 1898 at the age of seven and a half, and this pizzeria where we are was founded on March 28, 1972. We have been here for 91 years. Veronica Smink So what culinary traditions did they bring with them? Hugo Banchero Well, our culinary tradition is pizza, and we incorporated the faina from Genoa, which is a pizza with chickpea flour... Georgie In 1898, Giuseppe founded his pizzeria - a restaurant selling pizza. When a business is founded, it's established someone starts it, or sets it up. Neil Giuseppe brought the culinary traditions from his home in Liguria in northern Italy, including regional pizzas like faina and fugazzetta. The adjective culinary describes anything connected with cooking. Georgie But probably the best-known Little Italy in the world is an area of Manhattan's Lower East side in New York. Ninety percent of Italian immigrants who arrived in the US at the turn of the century came through this neighbourhood. Neil De Palos, one of the original shops selling Italian food in Little Italy, has been serving customers for 113 years. Here, Lou De Palo, co-owner and great-grandson of the original owner, Salvino, explains more about his family history to BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain: Lou De Palo 1925... when my grandmother, Concetta, and my grandfather, Luigi, got married, they open their own shop... it's the shop we continue today being the fourth generation working alongside my sister, Maria, my brother, Sal, and our children, the fifth generation. Our business has expanded; expanded to present the full food culture of the 20 regions of Italy. Little Italy is the stepping stone of the Italian immigrant. This is where many of the Italians first came through Ellis Island, and then settled here, and then eventually moved into mainstream America throughout the rest of the country. Georgie Lou De Palo is the fourth generation of his family to run the shop, and his children will be the fifth. Phrases like fourth or fifth generation describe the children of people whose parents immigrated to a particular country.

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3.4枚目が問題文、5枚目が答え、1.2枚目は問題を解くときに必要な文です。 なぜこの答えになるのかがわからないので教えてください。 解くのは大変だと思うので、一問だけでも大丈夫です。

2 次は, 高校1年生の Yusuke が書いた英文です。 これを読んで、 問1~間6に答えなさい。*印 のついている語句には、本文のあとに 〔注〕があります。(34点) My father loves *dinosaurs and *fossils. He (he/them/in/collects/is/that/interested /so) dinosaur toys, small fossils and books about dinosaurs. I heard he tried to find fossils along the river with my grandparents when he was young. When I was younger, my family took me to the science museum every year. My father loved looking at the dinosaur fossils there, and he always explained them to me. So, I got interested in dinosaurs and fossils, too. My father has a restaurant near our house, and he displays some dinosaur teeth fossils in the restaurant. One day, he introduced one of his customers to me. The man, Mr. Shirai, also loved dinosaurs and fossils, and often visited museums all around the world, such as in America, Canada and China. He realized that my father was interested in the same things because of the fossils in the restaurant. They became good friends. One day in September, Mr. Shirai came to my father's restaurant and showed me a fossil. It was a beautiful fish fossil in a brown stone plate. I was surprised to see it, Mr. Shirai A me a lot about the fossil. He traveled to Germany to look for fossils, and he found many fossils there such as fish, animal bones and leaves. The area is very famous for "archaeopteryx fossils. I once saw a picture of the archaeopteryx fossil in a book, so I wanted to go to see the fossil in -4-

至急です。試験範囲なので教えてください🙏🙏

第1章 □ 13. My best friend and I ( ) each other since we were five. (神奈川大) ④knowing ①have known 2 know 3 knew 24. If it ( ) on Thursday, we will not go to the beach. (西南学院大) ids ①rains would rain ③rained has been rained 14. My friend from Africa ( ) snow until he came to Japan. (日本大) ago. ①has not seen 3 had never seen Joq was never seeing will have seen al ofie S 25. I don't know if our teacher ( ①camera ②come ien ( ) back next week.d( 3comes (東北薬科大) 4 will come gablem at 時制 15. When Mary was introduced to Mrs. Smith, she realized she ( ) her before. elids ③will meet was meeting 3 Dis meeting □ 16. At the end of next month, we ( ) here for three years. had met (東海大) ①leave 3. (this stone adoleft 30 (立命館大) 27. I wonder when he ( ①come ) next. ①have lived live ③will have lived will live betes 26. Turn off the lights when you (br) the room. ( ③will leave cause it ) yded ed Oleaving D (日本大) smod v②coming (nedloqa had come \I\e will come (日本大) ☐ 4.1 was nger in the shopping mall. Dspoken by 17. I really must go and see the dentist. One of my teeth ( ) for weeks. @being spoken Dached 2aches 3 has been aching is aching 18. I ( ) my homework for an hour when my mother came home. (大阪経済法科大) gile@ Dam doing 2 was doing 3 have been doing had been doing (共立女子大) D gaiblod od lliw bled ad lliw blod Hiw 9 ) noitools Intone A 20 Baiblod ai① 5. The room should ( Obe kept ) clean at all times @batept) bear of seeded over Y are gnitisqet need asdⓇ gairinger ai 6. When I came other hat the 東北福祉大) s building Obeing built .89mit in1976e 19. She ( ) in the accounting department for 10 years by the end of next month. ①has worked gatiog me 7. Michael ( ③3 will have been working has been working is working (国士舘大) gnibrawe need asd go ) 1015xib adf to bebrown ead bbw gingle Player three wensed and @has selected has been selecting trode) 1.8 810 Writing 20. When I woke up this morning, I decided I ( ) to get in shape. 杏林大) )vedT 8. C ①want ②wanted 3 will want 4 had wanted sqft 18beads ( 最頻出の項目を、もう一度書いて覚えよう。 ) awon ai dtime.eM nd that ☐ 1. I got your letter last week. I'm sorry (didn't / haven't/back/I/ written). boiling 21. Yesterday in science class, I learned that water ( ) at 100°C. ①was boiling 3 boils (大谷大) (1語不要) (武蔵大) 4 boil ☐ 2. (began / begun / the class / already / had) when I arrived. (1) 22. I will ask him about it as soon as he () back. ⑪come 2 comes bib@ ③will come (国士舘大) wen & Jdgood o 4 would have come (国士舘大) bassaid □ 3. もし天気 (the weather) が良ければ, 私たちは明日泳ぎに行く。 (1語不要) (防衛医科大) 23. I'll be back before it ( Drain ). ②rains wad nodw exey evil Tol nobno ni ( 3 will rain 4would rain ed (立命館大) We (the swimming / weather / will/be/is/tomorrow/go/if) fine. 6

Their route lay over some open ground which was covered in big stones. の lay over の意味を教えてください。

英語の長文です。 文法表現のあるところが知りたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

UNIT 1 5 Reading Passage 10 15 20 20 25 Listening There are more than 37,000 known species of spiders in the world in a wide variety of shape's and sizes! The largest spiders in the world live in the rain forests of South America and are known by the people who live there as the "bird-eating spiders." These spiders can grow up to 28 centimeters in length- about the size of a dinner plate, and, as their name suggests, have been known to eat small birds. In comparison, the smallest species of spider in the world is native to Western Samoa. These tiny spiders are less than half a millimeter long — about the size of a period on this page and live in plants that grow on mountain rocks. - Some people like to keep spiders as pets, particularly tarantulas, which are native to North America and can live for up to twenty-five years, Most people, on the other hand, do not like touching spiders, and a significant number of people are afraid of them, mainly because of their poison. However, despite their bad reputation, only thirty of the 37,000 known species of spiders are deadly to humans. Spiders actually provide benefits to humans, by catching and eating harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes. - - The main thing that makes spiders different from other animals is that they spin web's to catch the small insects they feed on. The unique silk of a spider's web is produced by special organs found spider web is five times in the lower part of the spider's body. It is light, elastic, and strong stronger than steel. Additionally, it is completely biodegradable. This means that the web will making it perfect for uses completely decompose¹ and eventually return to nature over time such as making fishing nets. Some people have tried to raise spiders commercially in order to collect the silk these spiders produce, but no one has ever really managed to make a go of it. One reason why these businesses never stand a chance is because it takes 670,000 spiders to produce half a kilogram of silk, and all of these spiders need living insects for their food. In addition, spiders are usually solitary² animals, and need to be kept alone. Researchers at an American company working together with two U.S. universities may have found a solution to making artificial spider web. Using genetically modified silkworms,³ the company hopes that in the long run it will be able to make large quantities of very light, very strong fiber for medical as well as other uses. Additionally, because the manufacture of the artificial web is from living silkworms, the industry potentially would be non-polluting and less harmful to the environment

生物の食物連鎖とかの問題だと思うんですけど誰かわかる方いますか？？？ 英語すみません💦

hhmi Biolnteractive Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species Mean Leaf Area per Plant Over 18 Months without beetle with beetle Leaf Area per Plant (cm²) Control Ecology 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Experimental 0 T 2 www.BioInteractive.org 8 10 12 14 16 Months After Start of Experiment 4 6 Refer to the figure to answer questions 12 through 17. 12. For both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots, state the mean tree leaf area per plot that the scientists recorded after running the experiment for 18 months. The mean tree leaf area per plot that the Scientist recorded after running the experiment for 18 months wit the beetles added is 1.7m², S 2.2m² 13. Compare the trends in mean tree leaf area per plot for both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots over the 18 months of the experiment. The area of the control plat for thinoceros beetles has d has increased at a nearly constant rate, the other is a gradua decrease at first, then a sudden decrease, and finally a dradua 18 Figure 2. Mean leaf area per tree. Initial measurements were taken before (0 to 2 months) and after (7 to 18 months) beetles were added to 40 of 80 plants. The light gray round markers represent measurements taken of the control plots, to which beetles were not added. The black square markers represent measurements taken of the experimental plots, to which beetles were added. Measurements were made on all leaves to calculate the mean leaf area per plant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 14. Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include increase. interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants. Revised January 2018 Page 4 of 5