ページ3:

IV. Questions & Answers
Q- Why do some animals sleep differently from human beings?
Because sometimes they have to sleep
in a
dangerous environment
Q-2 Why do animals like dolphins and mallards sleep in a special way?
Because they would fall prey to their predators if they all sleep deeply,
仮定法
slept
Q-3 When you see mallards sleeping in a line, which birds keep half of their brains alert and one
eye open?
The two birds on each end of the line,
Q- How does a dolphin sleep?
It keeps half its brain awake.
do
On
Q- What do many researchers think about the reason why we sleep?
They think the reason why we sleep is that we get
Dr. Dement n
000000
end
is that we get sleepy.
They think that [the reason is a mystery
]
Q- What did William Dement do when he was a university student?
He contributed to the discovery of two types of human sleep.
Q- How old do you think Dement is now?
end
aline
I think he is about 80
old
years
Ⅳ. 細部をしっかり読み取ろう.
文番号③: it keep half its brain awake の文型は?
第5文型 Skeep OC
SがOをCに保つ
文番号④ and がつないでいるものは何と何?
half of their brains Y one eye
文番号⑤: なぜ過去形が使われているのかな?
仮定法の形になっているから。
文番号 ⑩この文の中心となっているSVはどの語?
S→ The only
->
reason
- 1
is

ページ4:

No.
Date
⑩ Animal
can not live without sleep
動物は眠らずには生きることができない。
Sometimes they have to sleep in a dangerous environment.
ときには危険な環境下で眠らなければいけない場合もある。
③ When a
W
dolphin sleeps, it keeps half its brain awaken you @
so that it can remain aware of its underwater environment
イルカが眠るときは、水中がどのような状態にあるのかを認識していられるように
脳の半分を目を覚ました(覚醒した状態)に保っておく。
④<When mallards sleep in a line the two birds on each
end of the line keep half of their brains alert and
<to
one eye open to protect themselves>
マガモが一列になって眠るとき、列の両端にいるマガモは脳の半分を警戒した状態にし、
片方の目を開けたままにしておく。
自分たちを守るために
⑤ If they all slept deeply, they would fall prey to their predetors.
もしすべてのマガモが深く眠ってしまったら、彼らは捕食者(肉食動物)のえじきになってしまうだろう。
⑥ of
course
human beings also sleep.
もちろん人間も眠る。
⑦ But why do we sleep?
しかし、私たちはなぜ眠るのだろうか
© Even the experts (on sleep) don't really know the
exact reason (why we sleep
睡眠の専門家にも私たちが眠る確かな理由がわかっていない。
⑨ When William Dement, a pieveering U. S sleep researcher,
was asked, he answered
→
During Non-REM
この理由を尋ねられたとき、アメリカの睡眠研究の先駆けであるウィリアムディメントはこう答えた。
• (As far as I know) the only
J
that we get sleepy
reason we sleep is
私の知る限り、我々が眠る唯一の理由は眠くなるからだ。」と。

ページ5:

No.
Date
① When Dement was a
university student more than sixty years ago,
he contributed to the discovery of two types of human sleep,
ディメントは50年以上も前の大学生のときに人間の睡眠の2つのタイプの発見に貢献した。
⑩ They are now well known as Rem sleep and Non-Rem sleep.
この2つのタイプは現在レム睡眠とノンレム睡眠として知られている。
HAR
Q- How dar

ページ6:

★下線部に、意味のまとまりごとに/を入れなさい。 また、日本語にしなさい。
Part 2
⑤がになる
①When you fall asleep, you move back and forth between REM and Non-REM sleep.
During REM sleep you actively dream and your heart rate and breathing grow rather
unstable.
どちらかどうと
Non-REM sleep has three stages. ①The deeper you sleep, the more relaxed
your brain and body become.
~すればするほどますます
⑤In one experiment researchers tested students on learning and memory. They were
テスト①→昼→テスト②
allowed to nap after the tests, and then all were tested again.
students
Sleeping helped the brain
in some ways. ⑧Interestingly, those who only had Non-REM sleep were better at
比較
people
~な人々
memorization, while those who experienced REM sleep) performed better in pattern
記憶
recognition tasks, such as grammar.
パターン認識
~のような 文法
Other researchers have found that in Stage 2 of Non-REM sleep the brain recalls what
it learned that day and attaches it to long-term memory. It was also found that we need
その日に学んだことを
V₂
to empty the brain's short-term memory storage to make room for new information. It's
脳の短期間貯蔵庫
now clear that one purpose of Non-REM sleep is to help us remember what's important] by
明らかになる
letting us forget what's not
170 words
important
Summary
When you sleep, you repeat ( 1.
) and (2.
) sleep several times. It is during
REM sleep that you ( 3.
) actively, while your brain and body become ( 4.
during Non-REM sleep. Researchers have found several functions of sleep: Non-REM sleep improves
), REM sleep has good effects on (6.
(5.
); During Non-REM
sleep, our brain ( 7.
) the short-term memory storage and attach the new information
to (8.
) memory.
WPM (Words Per Minute) =1分間に読むことができる語数
語数
読秒数
(170) 語÷ (
) x60= (
めざせ100wpm!!
) wpm

ページ7:

LESSON 7
2
~ Part 2 ~
1)(
I. Word Hunt
forth
)
Find the word in the passage.
adv. forward
前へ
)
V.
to remember
V.
to join, connect or fix
2) recall
3)( attach )
)
n.
4) storage
5)( task)
purpose
perform
II. Matching
n.
V.
attach A to BAB 1: 14173
the place where things are kept
something you have to do, especially a difficult or annoying one
人をいらいらさせる
to complete an action or activity, especially a complicated one
仕上げる
Fill in the blanks with the words below. (use the appropriate form
LLLT)
1) I just went ( back and forth between work and home last month. I didn't have time to
go anywhere else.
先月は、仕事と家を行ったり来たりしただけだ。どこへも行く時間がなかった.
2) I had great difficulty (falling asleep) last night.
昨夜、なかなか寝つけなかった
3) We need to ( make room for ) a phone.
電話を置く場所を空ける必要がある
4) Heaven helps ( those who ) help themselves. £#5<3%<.
make room for / those who 1 fall asleep
1
back and forth
III. Reading: Read Part 1 rapidly and then answer T or F.
Quiz 5: Answer 'True' or 'False.'
TF (1) Sleep consists of REM and Non-REM sleep.
TF2) People actively dream during Non-REM sleep
2
(T) F (3) Our brain is relatively relaxed during Non-REM sleep. ④
比較的
F 4) REM sleep helps us remember what's important, by letting us forget what's not. ①
Non REM sleep t
1850

ページ8:

IV. Questions & Answers
Q-① What happens to us during REM sleep?
We actively dream and
our
heart
breathing grow rather unstable
Q-2 How many stages does Non-REM sleep have?
It has three stages
Q-③ What happens to us during Non-REM sleep?
The deeper we
The more
sleep during it,
relaxèd
Q- What is one purpose of Non-REM sleep?
awake
REM
stage I
rate and
11
Non-
REM
"our brain and body become
Our brain and body.
become more relaxed
超 It is to help
us remember what's importants!!
< by letting
us forget what's not
ここがついている方がベター!
between sleeping
Q-5 Why did the researchers test students on learning and memory?
Because they wanted to know about the irelationship
Q-⑥ Why were those who only had Non-REM sleep better at memorization in the experiment? ⑨
Because Non-Remsleep attaches what we learn on the
Timportant
学習
脳の
はたらき
(記憶
>
and learning
and mem
memory.
ⅣV. 細部をしっかり読み取ろう.
文番号 ④: As を使ってこの文を言い換えると?
to long-term me
memory.
文番号⑥ and がつないでいるものは何と何?
allowed
tested
文番号⑧: この文の中心となるSVはどの語? また、 while はどのような働きをしていますか?
③. those ⑩ were. と ⑤ those ⑩ performed while → 2つの事柄を対比
文番号⑨:この文には名詞節が二つあります。 それぞれを ] でもう。
→
本プリント
文番号 ⑩この文の that節の中に、to不定詞が二つありますが、それぞれどのような働きですか?
1つ目→名詞~すること」 2つ目→副詞「~するために」
文番号⑩ : この文の that節の中には文が1つありますが、その中心となるSVはどの語ですか?
Site Vis
また、最後の not の後ろに省略されている語を本文中から探して答えなさい。
important

ページ9:

No.
Date
① When
you
and Non
-
fall asleep, you move back and ferth between REM
REM sleep
人は眠るときレム睡眠とノンレム睡眠の間を行き来する。
② During REM sleep you actively dream and your heart rate and
breathing grow kather unstable.
レム睡眠の間によく夢を見て心拍数と呼吸数はどちらかというと不安定な状態になる。
③ Non-REM sleep has three stages.
レム睡眠には3つの段階がある。
④ The deeper you sleep, the more relaxed your brain and body become
眠りが深くなればなるほど脳で身体はよりリラックスした状態になる。
⑤ In one experiment researchers tested students on
learning
and memory,
ある実験で研究者は学生に対して学習と記憶力についてのテストを行った。
⑥ They
were allowed to nap after the tests, and then
all were tested again
学生たちはテストの後、仮眠をとることができそれから再度全員テストを受けた。
⑦ Sleeping helped the brain in some ways.)
睡眠はいくつかの点で脳を助けた。
② Interestingly, those who only had Non- REM sleep were better at.
memorization, while those (who experienced REM sleep) performed.
better in pattern recognition tasks, such as grammer.
興味深いことに、にしん睡眠だけを経験した学生は記憶問題の成績の方がよかったのに対して
レム睡眠を経験した学生は文法のようなパターン認識課題の方がよりよい成績を残した。

ページ10:

No.
Date
⑨ Other researchers have found that
sleep the brain recalls (what it learned that day]
(in Stage 2 of Non-REM
@and
別の研究者たちの発見したところによれば、レム睡眠の第2段階で
attaches it to long-term memory]
脳はその日に学習したことを思い出してそれを長期記憶に貼りつけることがわかった。
short-term
⑩ It was also found that [we need to empty the brain's
memory storage to make room for new information ]
また、新しい情報を受容する余地を作り出すために、脳の短期記憶を空にする
必要があることも分かった。
⑩ It's now clear that lone purpose of Non-REM sleep is to
help us remember [what's important] by letting us forget
[what's not] ]
現在明らかになっているのは、にしん睡眠の目的の1つが
重要でないことを忘れさせることによって重要なことを記憶させやすくするということ。

ページ11:

Communication I
LESSON 7 Why Are You Sleepy?
★下線部に、意味のまとまりごとに/を入れなさい。 また、日本語にしなさい。
Part 3
Chart 1 shows the sleep cycle of an adult. ②Adults fall into REM sleep about every
ninety minutes. ③If we consider that Stage 3 particularly helps the brain and the body rest,
it is an interesting fact that the number of times adults reach Stage 3 is small. They spend
most of their sleeping time in Stage 2. ⑤By the time they wake up, they must have stored
important memories in their brain.
Chart 2
Researchers have also found that sleep patterns differ according to age.
shows brain activity in a three-year-old girl. She sinks into deep sleep soon after she falls
asleep. Children of her age awake during sleep more often than adults. In infancy, the
proportion of time spent in REM sleep is 50 percent. ①That becomes 25 percent as an infant
grows to a child.
⑫Chart 3 shows the sleep pattern of an 89-year-old woman.
13She has restless
awakenings as if she were a child. ①But the time spent in Stage 3 is much less than that of
a child.
173 words
Summary
) ninety minutes. Most of their sleeping time is
) in Stage 2. Researchers have found that sleep patterns are
) according to age. Children spend less time than adults do: for example,
Adults fall into REM sleep ( 1.
(2.
(3.
an infant spend 4.
sleep. Old people are also (5.
time in Stage 3 than children.
time as an adult does, and often awake during
) during sleep like children, but spend less
WPM (Words Per Minute) = 1分間に読むことができる語数
語数
黙読秒数
(173) 語÷ (
) x60= (
) wpm
めざせ100mm!!

ページ12:

No.
無生物
① Chart 1. shows the sleep cycle of an adult.
2図1はある大人の睡眠の周期を示している
Date
• about every ninety minutes
大人は約90分ごとにレム睡眠に入る。
Twe
we consider that Stage 3 particularly helps the brain
and the body rest it is an interesting fact that the (35)
number of times)adults reach Stage 3/is small]
もし第3段階がとりわけ脳と身体の休息に役立つと考えられているのであれば
大人の場合、第3段階に達する回数が少ないのは興味深い事実である
@
④They spend most of their sleeping time in Stage 2 beide ①
大人は睡眠時間の大半を第2段階ですごしている
にしては
③ By the time they wake up, they must have stored important
memories
in their brain
目覚めるまでに重要な記憶情報を脳に蓄えたに違いない。
Researchers have also found that sleep patterns.
differ according to age
研究者たちはまた、睡眠民パターンが年齢によって異なることも発見している。
0
the number of
⑦ Chart 2 shows brain activity in a three
図2は3歳の少女の脳の活動を示している。
old girl.
year-old
⑧ She sinks into deep sleep soon after she falls asleep.
彼女は眠りにつくとほどなくして深い睡眠状態に入る。

ページ13:

No.
Date
⑨ Children of her age awake during sleep
more
この年齢の子どもたちは大人よりも睡眠中に目覚める回数が多い。
often than adults.
time
⑩ In infancy, the proportion of time spent in REM sleep
幼児期においては、レム睡眠に費やされる時間の割合は50%に及ぶ。
is 50
percent
⑩ That becomes 25 percent as an
◎幼児が子どもへと成長するにつれてその割合が25%になる。
infant
grows
to
a
child.
⑩ Chart 3 shows the sleep pattern of an 89
図3は89歳の女性の睡眠の同期を示している。
year-
old
woman,
③
She had restless awakenings as if she were a child
彼女はあたかも子どものように頻繁に目覚めることを繰り返している。
⑨ But the time spent in Stage 3 is much less than that of achild
しかし第3段階で費やされる時間は子どもと比べてけるかに短い。