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II 次の英文を読んで、 以下の設問に答えなさい。
Is any environment more secluded from our imagination than the seas
surrounding Antarctica? Icebergs grind above a seabed dotted with salps, sea
squirts, sponges, and other barely animate organisms. The sun scarcely rises for
half the year. Under the elemental conditions at these latitudes, Antarctic blue
whales exist in a world defined by bioacoustics. Blue whales Earth's largest
鳴いている理由
Panimals, call to others of their kind, though exactly what these cries
不明である。
communicate remains a mystery. Whether to attract a mate, to
h
声の変化
Ca
ピッチ↓
a rival, or
(i) Tepel
for some other social purpose, the sounds blue whales make are less song, more
drone a tectonic rumble on the furthest edge of human hearing. That the
sounds of blue whales seem simple might suggest they are unchanging across
generations. But these atonal sounds have begun evolving. Since at least the
1960s, their pitch has downshifted the equivalent of three white keys on a piano.
Scientists have theories as to why some worrisome, some hopeful, all involving
humans.
S'sの省略
ま
The deepening of Antarctic blue whales" sounds is not unique to the
(A)
subspecies. Groups of pygmy blue whales found near Madagascar, Sri Lanka,
and Australia, as well as fin whales, which live in seas around the world, have
also dropped their pitch. (Even before this change, fin whales emitted sounds: (SoC)
low as to be nearly imperceptible to humans; the wavelengths of their calls were
このくらい~な知覚できない
often longer than the bodies of the whales themselves.) In a study last year that
analyzed more than 1 million individual recordings of whale calls, scale shifts
were found across species, and among populations that don't necessarily interact
with one another. Which is to say, whatever has triggered the change doesn't
seem to have a specific geographic_origin.
3 The underwater clamor caused by maritime traffic and extractive industries
(might seem a likely culprit. After all, such noise is known to interrupt whales'
foraging and interfere with their vocal interactions. But although some whales
妨害している?
コミュニケーションを、
2-
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シロナガスクジラ

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7 We may not yet know what the sounds of blue whales mean. But whether
through our intent to preserve these creatures, or as a result of refashioning
their environment, our deeds echo in their voices.
(vi)
(Giggs, Rebecca. "Whale songs are getting deeper." The Atlantic, October
2019.)
設問(1) 下線部(i)~(vi) の語句の本文中での意味に最も近いものを,(イ)~(二)から1つ
選び, 記号で答えなさい。
(i) repel 撃退する
(1) call on
(V) escape from
(ii) Which is to say 74
(1) Moreover
() On the other hand
(□) drive away dis
(:) reconcile with
fo47
(□) None the less
Put another way
言い換えると
▲ (ii) negligible
無視できる
(1)) extremely limited
(□) hardly pleasant
() relatively loud
(E) very significant
(iv) anatomy
(1) animal language
an
musical ability
(v) exacerbate悪化させる
(1) delay
(V) reduce
() body structure
(E) space science*
(□) freeze
at ben ya worsen
(vi) echo in
(1) are irrelevant to
(()) have an impact on
100 lote
(□) become
unnoticeable in 目立たなくなる
(二)work in favor of 有利に働く
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設問(2) 下線部(A) the subspecies が指すものを本文中の英語で答えなさい。
設問(3) 下線部(B) adapt は具体的にはたとえばどういう行動をとるのか。本文の内
容に従い, 25字以内の日本語で説明しなさい。 句読点も1字に数えます。
設問(4)下線部(C) unnatural はどのような意味でunnatural であると考えられる
か,25字以内の日本語で説明しなさい。 句読点も1字に数えます。
設問(5) 本文の内容に従い、この文章のタイトルである“Whale songs are getting
deeper” という現象の原因であると考えられるものを下記の(イ)~(へ)から2つ
選び, 記号で答えなさい。
(イ) Drones are spotted by blue whales.
(口) Many ships pass over blue whales.
(ハ) Some nations have resumed commercial whaling.
The number of blue whales has increased.
(ホ) Seawater now has a higher level of acidity.
(へ) The sound of melting ice is getting noisier.

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Ⅲ長期にわたって何かに取り組む場合,前向きな姿勢を保ち続けるのが難しいこと
があります。そのような状況になった時,具体的にどうすれば抜け出せるでしょう
か。あなた自身もしくは他の人の経験を1つ例に挙げて, 70語程度の英文で述べ
なさい。
6
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ⅣV 次の日本文(A)と(B)のそれぞれの下線部の意味を英語で表しなさい。ただし,(B)で
は文学部の志願者は(イ)を,文学部以外の学部の志願者は(ロ)を選んで解答しなさい。
(A) (すべての学部の志願者)
(B)
私が「学ぶことって楽しいな」 と思えるようになったのは,大学を卒業して社会
に出てからです。
• The cx SV, the tk SV
一度学びの楽しさを味わってからは、やみつきになりました。学べば学ぶほ
いままでわからなかったことがわかるようになり、それによって自分の視野
が広がります。知らないことや新しいことに出合うと好奇心が刺激されてもっと
多くのことを学びたくなります。
and
なのか
それは、
by whichーなのか
(池上彰,2020.『なんのために学ぶのか』 SBクリエイティブより一部改変)
「させます」でもよい
(イ)(文学部の志願者)
itself themselves
ある登山家がひとつの登山をして,その記録を文章に起こし単行本にまとめ
たとする。 しかし彼が本を書いたからといって,その本の読者は、彼の登山の
根本がこの本によって侵食されているとは感じないだろう。 登山家にとっての
表現はあくまで登山行為そのものであり、その登山行為をあとから文章にまと
it is just めたところで、そんなものは所詮 おまげ、彼の登山の副次的な生産物にすぎ
ない。あとから本を書こうが書くまいがいずれにせよ彼は山には登っただろ
うし、登っている最中にあとから本を書く自分を意識するなどということもな
い。つまりこのとき登山家は純粋に行動者あるいは行動的表現者 とし
て完結できている。
Whether-
or not,
(角幡唯介,2020. 『旅人の表現術』集英社)
would have gone.
(口)(文学部以外の学部の志願者)
なぜ「表現の自由」 は守るに値するものなのか?
残念ながら,その問いに対する答えは憲法本文には書かれていない。書かれ
ていないのは,それが自明だからではない(自明なら「表現の自由」をめぐって
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音響汚染が
ピッチの下がる
原因ではなさそう
(FF)
保護の成果
個体数減少
鳴き声が大きくなる
ピッチが高くなる
これの逆が
起きているのでは?
人間活動
☆設問3
do adapt, in limited ways, to artificial sounds in the ocean - by pausing their
calls to avoid competing with the passage of cargo ships, for example-
scientists don't believe that the deepening whale calls are a response to sonic
pollution. They have identified lowered pitches even across populations of whales
that live in seas without major shipping routes, where mechanical noise is
negligible.
-
Another possible explanation for the change in whale calls is the
achievements of global conservation efforts. At the start of the 20th century, an
estimated 239,000 Antarctic blue whales occupied the Southern Ocean. By the
early 1970s, decades of commercial whaling-initially by Norwegian and British
whalers, and later by illegal Soviet fleets had decreased the blue-whale
population in the region to a mere 360. But since protection of the subspecies
began in 1966, that number has begun to rebound. Scientists have speculated
that the whale's anatomy determines that the louder it gets, the higher the pitch
of its calls. As populations have grown, then, the whales may have decreased
their volume because they are more likely to be communicating over short
distances. In other words, Antarctic blue whales may be lower-toned today than
in previous decades simply because they no longer need to shout.
(iv)
5 Last year's study of whale calls also suggests a more ominous reason for the
drop in pitch, however: Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud because sound
waves travel farther in oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide.
16 Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, meanwhile, may indirectly influence whale
voices in other ways. Recent monitoring of Antarctic blue whales shows that,
during the austral summer, their pitch rises. Researchers have hypothesized that
in warmer months, the whales must use their forte volume to be heard amid the
cracking ice a natural sound amplified by unnatural processes, as rising
temperatures exacerbate ice-melt. So the impacts of a warming planet may
↓arbonによる増幅
気温の上昇
氷の融解
果
変化
低くなる。
(v)
(C)
modulate animal sounds even in remote places with barely any humans, and
where the most thunderous notes come not from ships, but from the clatter of
breaking ice.ph
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Ex SV
か
論争が起きるはずがない)。書かれていないのは,その答えは国民が自分の頭
で考え,自分の言葉で語らなければならないことだからである。
表現の自由にしろ、公共の福祉にしろ)民主主義にしろ、それにいかなる価
値があるのかを自分の言葉で語ることができなければ,「そんなものは守るに
値しない」と言い切る人たちを説得して翻意させることはできない。
(内田樹 .「民主主義をめざさない社会」
convince, persuade
http://blog.tatsuru.com/2020/03/26_1503.htmlより一部改変)
whatever topic
has.
the issue.
whether it is A,BorC.
weir own oords.
121 besontent the old to nadmud.ed

ページ10:

(A) The more
you learn / The more
you
understand things
you previously did noth
the deeper understanding you gain
what you
haven't understand.
and this helps you expand your
horison.....
I consequently the wider perspective you can get.
When you encounter new things, or
LEncountering
- your curiousity is stimulated.
Stimulates your curiousity.
you eager
make
It encourages.
me
things.
that you did know.
and
T
Ito learn
more.

ページ11:

P.
TITLE
DATE
SUBTITLE
I (C) Whether it is freedom of expression, public wealfare or
democracy, if you can't tell what value it has
- unless yo can explain
In your own words, you
cant
persuade the people
those'
who assert it is not worth protecting into changing.
[doesn't to be
their opinion
Chinds]
............