40過ぎからの英語学び直し⑫パート2～時制～(過去､未来､現在形完了､過去完了､未来完了､完了進行形)

ひるけ (ATC)

晴れて小学生になった娘たち｡部屋には小学校の教科書が散らばっております｡その教科書達が無言で私に語りかけるのです。

「あの、呟いてましたよね？『もっと勉強しとけば良かった。』って。口にしたことありますよね？『小学生からやり直したい。』って｡あなたの望み、今ここにあります｡」

急に何かに突き動かされた私は、ふと英語から学び直す事になりました。

2026.08.02 公開

40代英語学び直し時制とかよく分からん english イングリッシュ

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ページ1:

<Past tense>
Past tense at one pointin
past
present
future.
eg). He bought the car last week.
The big typhoon hit our town.
•Past tense certain period of time.
Beginning and
end unclear
Past
present
eg). She lived in Spain.
My son wanted the game
future.
•*
In old ~ middle English,
Firregular verbs
eg). eat
ate
break broke
←
Come Came
and even the
etc...
dialects made
it more complicated;
all verbs were irregular verbs.
immigrants
(simplified.)
regular verbs (~ed)
So, we have both irregular and regular verbs.

ページ2:

<Future tense>
two ways. five ways.
I will s
"English history"
「~だろう」
has been shaped
by war.
「~するだろう」
'be going to 1
Therefore, people
look to the future
instead of looking
Present tenses
progressive Tense
shall
back to the past.
wills
"volitional future"
eg) I will go with you.
simple future"
He will come here.
②T be going to J
"be going to ①, eg) I am going to visit Hawaii this summer.
heading toward
will arrives
is also ok.
We are going to have an exam next week.
Schedule (willing or not)
present tense,
eg). The shinkansen arrives at 7:20 tomorrow.
repetitive action.
from past to future.

ページ3:

④"progressive tense
eg). We are arriving at Odawara Station.
"
emphasize "in a few minutes.
"
(very near future)
⑤ shall
Strong will.
eg). It's late. I shall go."
You shall die.
destiny
Fist of the North Star
The Lord of the Rings
You shall not pass!

ページ4:

<Present perfect tense>
my Have + Past participle (p.p.)
what happened
in the past
Continues to
happen today
te Line tense that does not exist in Japanese.
①Completion.
eg) I have finished
my
work.
い
Still no work to be done now
②Result.
I lost
11
my
ring
It is unknown.
if I found it
after that.
eg). I have lost my ring.
11
Still looking for it.
Still haven't found it.
③Experience.
I learned swimming eg). I have learned swimming
"1
I don't know
if I can still
Swim.
11
I can swim.
Continuation..
eg). I have been in Tokyo for two years.

ページ5:

Causative verb
(have)
+
Why have + P.P. ?
In Old English,
I have my work finished
S V
Past Participle
I
149
0
P.P.
have finished my work.
O O O O O O O O O O

ページ6:

C
<Past perfect tense >
Had + Past participle (p.p.)
Past.
Present
Future
eg). I had been in America until last March.
<Future perfect tense >
Will have + past participle (p.p.).
H
Past
Present
eg). I will have been in America until
next March.
Future
<Negative and question sentences of the perfect tense>
Affirmative) You have eaten dinner already.
Negative) You have not eaten dinner yet.
Question) Have
you
eaten dinner yet?
→ Yes, I have.
No, I have not. / Not yet.
Affirmative) She has studied abroad.
Negative) She has not studied abroad.
Question) Has She studied abroad?

ページ7:

- c c e C C
< Present perfect progressive tense>
Have/has been + ~ing
eg) She has been watching TV for three hours.
past
Still watching
Present.
future
Present perfect touse
She has watched TV for three hours.
add
Continuity
past
just finished watching
present
future
<Past perfect progressive tense>
eg). She had been sleeping until noon
past
<Future perfect progressive tense >
present
future.
eg). She will have been sleeping until noon.
past
present
future.