英語時制の一致と話法

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Apple

2018.11.15 公開

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ページ1:

<時制の一致>
→文全体の動詞が過去形のとき、その動詞の目的語である節(S'v'の
動詞がより過去の時制になること。
1. They think that this is true.
→彼らはこのことは本当だと思っていました。
They thought that this was true.
影響
「~だった」と訳さないが、
was にする!!
2. He says that he met her there
→彼はそこで彼女に会ったと言っていた。
He said that he had met her there.
時制の一致をしない場合
①不変の真理(ことわざを含む)
He said that the earth is round.
m
She said that time is money.
②習慣的行為(every~)
He said that he gets up at 5:30 every morning.
③歴史的事実
He told us that French Revolution took place in 1789.
④仮定法
He told her that he could fly to her if he were a bird,
⑤もとから過去形の助動詞
→そのまま
should, had better, must, ought to, used to
OKUYO LOOSE-LEAF F8360K 9mm led 36 in

ページ2:

直接話法
quotation mark
引用符
(quote→引用する)
@single_
→イギリス英語 東大
★接話法
セリフ→〇にする
S S V O
S
svōg
11/
Svo
SV
tellは不可!!
↑
say, ask, suggest、propose、cry、
exclaim,
, pray
叫ぶ
祈る
提案する
文型と文の種類に
〇にする
あった動詞にかえる
SVOQ
↑
tell, ask, order, advise
セリフを名詞または名詞節にかえる
7を復刻
I 祈願文
to~
平叙文→that s'v'
・疑問文→疑問詞S'v
if ]s'v'
<例>
1. She said, "I'm hungry now."
She said that she was hungry then.
S
2. He said to Jane, "I love
〃
you,
→He told Jane that he loved her
whether
・感嘆文→① how~
what~,
S'V'
② that sv.
very~
0

ページ3:

3. Mary said to me, "I met Tom yesterday."
Mary told me that she had met Tom yesterday.
大過去!!
4. Mother said to me, "Get up early"..
the day before
(the previous day)
→ Mother Itold me that I must get up early.
Tasked
to
5. She said, "What is this?"
→She asked what that was.
尋ねた 疑問詞s'
過去に
尋ねるとき・・・自分の手元にないことがほとんど!!
that
6. She said to him, "Are
過去に
"Are you serious?
→She asked him he was serious,
(whether)
7. He said to me, "Did you sleep well last night?"
•He asked me if I had slept well
if I had slept well the night before..
大過去!!
(the previous day)
8. She said, "May all Christmases be white!"
→She prayed that all Christmases might
be white.
9. He said to her, "Let's dance to this music."
(May) S原形!
~しますように
He suggested to her that they should dance to that music.
proposed
今は流れていない
* Let's S+ suggest to + + (that) + 5+ (should) +
→ @
から!!
58380K 6mm rod 30 nes

ページ4:

To He said, "How beautiful this sunset is!"
→
He cried
'S lexdaimed!
how beautiful that sunset was.
②
→He cried
(that) that sunset was very
beautiful
exclaimed
11. The doctor said to him, "You had better give up smoking","
①
→The doctor told him that he had better give up smoking,
→The doctor advised him to give up smoking.
<Review >
1. My mother said to us, "I'm so busy today."
"
• My mother told us that she was so busy then
2. My father said to me, "Where did
"My father asked me where
→
you go
that day
last night?
I went the day before.
had gone night
3. I said to the man, "Could you help me with this report?"
→I asked the man if he could help me with this report.
that
4. Mike said to me, "Let's go to the park to morrow.
→Mike suggested to me that they should go to the park
the next day.
we
5. He said, "How cute these puppies are!"
He cried how cute those puppies were.
He cried that those puppies were very cute.
(with(感情)

ページ5:

6. She said, "May our days be merry!"
→ She prayed that her days might be merry.
S
7. The man said to the boys, "Will
way
tell me the
you
to the nearest station?"
→The man asked the boys, if they would tell him the
(whether)
way to the nearest station.
8. The doctor said to May, "You had better not drink so much."
→The doctor told May that had better not drink so much.
she
The doctor advised Mary not to drinks so much.
S
★この文を言っているとき
◎同じ種類の文→伝動詞は共有(1回だけ)
<例>
節(旬)を2回かく
"
1 He said, "I went to Tenjin yesterday, and met Lucy there."
S
V
He said that he had gone to Tenjin the day before and
that he had met Lucy there.
2 Bill said to her, "Do you know Mike? Have you ever talked,
with him?"
→Bill asked her if she knew Mike and if she had ever
talked with him

ページ6:

◎違う種類の文→伝達動詞を2回かく
He said to her, "I love
you,
Will
you marry me?
→He
S
Vi
told her that he loved her [and] asked if she would.
(her)
v2
marry
him.

ページ7:

Review
1. She said to him, "I love dogs. What animal do you like the best?"
3.
S
IO
boo
2.
tonight, "best
She told him that she loved dogs and asked what animal he liked the
He said, "It's so cold today. We should keep us warm
He said that it was so cold that day and that we should keep us
warm that night. 02.
S
01
Bill said to her, "How hard you are studying! May you pass
to her
(them)
the
Test Tomorrow!"
Bill I cried (out) | how hard she was studying that she was studying
is exclaimed
(said
very hard and prayed that
she might pass the test the next day.
02
(following)