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テーマ 地球環境
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将来像
参照チェックノート p.2
380 words
専修大学
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in
northern Africa in the last thirty years. They report that nature and humans share equal
blame for this loss.
1990年頃(+30年)
2 In 1963. the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five
5 percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
3 Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for
周囲の4か国が湖の水を利用
water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison,
reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of
10 heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to
dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
5 Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people
still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer
provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
15 The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study
estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with [write]
研究方法
records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area's
recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
EXET
7 The computer study showed results similar to the recorded (A)ones for the first twenty
20 years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At that time, the lake got smaller much faster
than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems
took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of
原因
the water that enters the lake. The study showed that the increased irrigation reduced the flow
25 in the two rivers. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two
rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
(2) Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and
demand for water continue to increase.
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Point ここに注目! チャド湖が急激に小さくなり、 今にも消滅しかかっているのは、いったいなぜなのか。
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解答
チャド湖周辺にはここ30年以上十分な雨が降っておらず, 付近に住む人々は灌漑設備を建設し
た。これがチャド湖の水量低下に一層拍車をかけた。 今後も縮小は続き、やがて動植物が生きられ
ない環境になるだろう。
2 written
3 results.
4 科学者たちは、人口と水需要の継続的な増加にともなって、この問題はこの先数年のうちにさら
に深刻化することが予測されると述べている。
5 ③
Scanning Training (1) ○
(2)
(3)
X
(4) O
(5)×
(6)x