ページ1:

Ch3
alkane:烷
(for C.H)
alkene: 烯
不飽和度:
*alkane命名:1首字大寫)
1.找最長、支鏈最多的
C×2+2-4
alkyne: 炔
=0⇒飽和
2.編號C.汉字最小的
arene:
3. 不飽和度的物理意義
3.找取代基
Carbonyl : c= 0
計算出來的數值代表分子結構的特徵
• DoU1:有一個雙鍵(甜)或一個環。
aliphatic compound
• DoU=2:有兩個雙鍵、兩個環、一個雙鍵加一個環或一個三鍵,
• DoU=4:這是常見的數值,通常代表一個笨環(3個雙鍵+1個環)。
CConstitutional isomer:different arrangements
4. 用字母排序
5.有多個同取代基 →用di-tri-tetra-
(不算進排序)
* branched substituent: p.33
ex:
:官能基位置/types.
支鍊
用()的
1. 接主鏈C→1
* alkane 化性
inert or active ?
react with D2. Cl₂ (conditions?)
*
3 condensed
structure
skeletal
2. 排序算di-tri...
* nonsystemic alkane命名: p.36
1. isopropyl
5. neopentyl
* alkyl group
methane → methyl
b
hexane
2. sec-butyl
3. isobutyl
6. tert-pertyl
7. tert-butyl
2
ethane →
ethyl
7
heptane
4. isopenty)
3
protane →
propyl
8
Octane
sec....fert不算排序
4
butane → butyl
9
honane
iso-
5
pentane → pentyl
10
decane

ページ2:

* alkane:
tmp/bpt (dispersion force)
*Conformational isomer/conformer: 3D σ bonds t
*Newman projection
Propane: 1. staggered:
Stable
lowest E
2. eclipsed:
highest E
HH
H
H
H
H
H
H-
H
torsional
strain
Butane
H
: 1. anti:
H
CH3
H3C
H
H
2. eclipsed:
HH
CH3
CH3
torsional
TABLE 3.5 Energy Costs for Interactions in Alkane Conformations
Energy cost
Interaction
Cause
(kJ/mol)
(kcal/mol)
steric
CH
H
H→ Heclipsed
H→→CH, eclipsed>
CH, CH, eclipsed
Torsional strain
4.0
1.0
Mostly torsional strain
6.0
1.4
Torsional and steric strain
11
2.6
H
CH₂ →→ CH3 gauche
3. Gauche:
H.
H
Storic strain
(x)
3.8
0.9
H
H3C
steric
strain
CH3
At room temperature rotation around a-bonds occur so rapidly that all
conformations are in equilibrium. At any given time, a larger
proportion of molecules will be present in a more stable conformation
than in a less stable one