ページ1:

reactions
addition →
elimination: →
substitution
polar reaction: 1. polarizability: change in e¯ distribution in
orbital T, polarizability ↑
rearrangement a reactant isomeric product
(bonds atoms) E
Leeeie
Rad + AB → Rad. A + B.
(EN)
2. e rich sites
e poor sites.
↓
electrophile
(LA)
ex: lp. π bond.
anion
ex: empty Porbital.
cation
addition with double bond: `C=C + : Rad > C-C-Rad
1.
radical reaction
(symmetrical
substitution
bond
2. ex: CH + Cl2 → CH3C❘ + HC)
breaking)
initiation: Cl-Cl → 2. Cl
nucleophile
(LB)
po
(loose e)
react like polar
bond
neutral compound react as nucleo/electrophile,
ex: H₂OC=0. CH3NH2
propagation: CH4+
+
HCl + CH3
判別:①是否带电
CH3 + CI-CI
CI+ CH3C |
T. Alp Apolar bond
TA
neutral compound
termination CH3 + Cl →
CH₂CI
3.
2. CH3 CH6
2.CC/2
ex: electrophilic addition of H₂O to ethylene (P.37)
Carbocation C
4. use of curved arrow (P.39)
3. stability: 3° 2° > 1° C radical

ページ2:

D
describing reactions
1.06= -反<o⇒ exergonic,自發
>oendergonic, x
G-GRT en keq, R= 8.314
= 4H-TOS°
HH-HR <0% exothermic
>o endothermic
05° = 5€ -5 <0> disorder ↓
2. bond dissociation E: A-BA+B (at 25°c)
3. transition state intermediate
20⇒
" T
(9) (g) (9)
4.
activation E⇒ reaction rate
G<80 kJ take place ≤ room T
5. energy diagram
-RDS (A step
也影響 rate)
AGE
Solution
transition state highest E in reaction unstable
cant be isolated
intermediate: formed during reaction, has lower E than tr― state
multi-step
⇒ more stable
06/2
Ai
I-G
AG
Reaction progress